AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 6561 Chicago Council on Foreign Relations Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research Copyright ICPSR, 2000 May 15, 2000 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research SoftQuad XMetaL National Science Foundation SBR-9617813 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research May 15, 2000 ICPSR XML Version Sanda Ionescu Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy, 1994 [Codebook file]. First ICPSR XML Version. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producer and distributor], 2000. AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 6561 Chicago Council on Foreign Relations The Gallup Organization 1995 Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research 1996 AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY This series of quadrennial studies was designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public and a select group of opinion leaders (or elites) on matters relating to United States foreign policy and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. For purposes of this series, opinion leaders are defined as individuals in positions of leadership in government, academia, business and labor, the media, religious institutions, special interest groups, and private foreign policy organizations. In two separate surveys, both general public and elite respondents are questioned regarding various foreign policy problems, such as the relationship between domestic and foreign policy priorities, the roles of various individuals and institutions in the creation of foreign policy, and the appropriate responses of the United States to actions by the (former) Soviet Union and other countries that vary from study to study. Other questions asked of both groups cover economic aid to other nations, military aid/selling military equipment to other nations, the role of the United States in world affairs, and the use of United States troops in other parts of the world. Respondents from the general public are also asked to rate various foreign countries and American and foreign leaders on a feeling-thermometer scale. First ICPSR Version Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization [producer], 1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1996. AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 6561 Chicago Council on Foreign Relations The Gallup Organization 1995 Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research 1996 AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY This series of quadrennial studies was designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public and a select group of opinion leaders (or elites) on matters relating to United States foreign policy and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. For purposes of this series, opinion leaders are defined as individuals in positions of leadership in government, academia, business and labor, the media, religious institutions, special interest groups, and private foreign policy organizations. In two separate surveys, both general public and elite respondents are questioned regarding various foreign policy problems, such as the relationship between domestic and foreign policy priorities, the roles of various individuals and institutions in the creation of foreign policy, and the appropriate responses of the United States to actions by the (former) Soviet Union and other countries that vary from study to study. Other questions asked of both groups cover economic aid to other nations, military aid/selling military equipment to other nations, the role of the United States in world affairs, and the use of United States troops in other parts of the world. Respondents from the general public are also asked to rate various foreign countries and American and foreign leaders on a feeling-thermometer scale. First ICPSR Version Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization [producer], 1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1996. XIV. MASS POLITICAL BEHAVIOR AND ATTITUDES C. Public Opinion on Political Matters 1. United States This study is part of a quadrennial series designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public and a select group of opinion leaders (or elites) on matters relating to foreign policy and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. Both general public and elite respondents were questioned regarding the biggest problems facing the United States today, spending levels for various federal government programs, the role of Congress in determining foreign policy, the impact of foreign policy on things such as prices and unemployment, and the Clinton Administration's handling of various problems, such as overall foreign policy, overall trade policy, immigration, and relations with Latin America, Japan, Russia, Cuba, Vietnam, and the Middle East. Other topics include government reactions to situations in Bosnia, North Korea, Haiti, Cuba, Rwanda, and the Middle East, the importance of various countries to America's vital interests, possible threats/adversaries to the United States in coming years, NATO and keeping troops in Western Europe, the military role of Japan and Germany, the economic unification of western Europe, the Israeli-Palestinian dispute, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the illegal drug problem. In addition, the elites were asked several questions about their political party affiliation and the strength of that affiliation. Demographic characteristics such as religious preference, marital status, employment status, household composition, education, age, Hispanic origin, race, sex, and income were gathered for the general population respondents only. 1994 General population: start October 7, 1994 General population: end October 25, 1994 Elites: start October 26, 1994 Elites: end December 7, 1994 United States individuals Part 1: All people in positions of leadership in government, academia, business and labor, the media, religious institutions, special interest groups, and private foreign policy organizations. Part 2: Adults, aged 18 years and older, living in the United States, except those persons in institutions such as prisons or hospitals. survey data cross-section The Gallup Organization Part 1: Census of all opinion leaders defined by the universe. Part 2: National probability sample stratified by size of community and then by geographic region. face-to-face and telephone interviews structured, with two open-ended questions (Q1-E and Q2-E for the elite respondents and Q2-GP and Q3-GP for the general population) Part 2, General Population Data, contains a weight variable that should be used for all analyses.The weight variable for Part 2 has two implied decimal places. The weight variable appears in card 1, columns 13 through 15. This weight variable incorporates age, sex, education, region and income to ensure that the data reflect the national population. Variables which have been "written in" in the codebook (e.g. the z variables appearing in every card, in columns 7-9 and 12-13) are undocumented. ICPSR is releasing this collection as received. Questions arising from the use of this data collection should be addressed to either the principal investigators at the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, or the data producers at the Gallup Organization. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research 2 data files + machine-readable documentation (text) 3 files Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization [producer], 1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1996. To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used. The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. Elite Data 383 approx 150 7 2681 card-image The original data collection instrument was composed of two forms. Respondents either answered questions in form A or form B. People who received questions from form A will have data in Card 5, column 70, and a blank in card 5, column 71. Those who answered form B will have a blank in card 5, column 70, and have data in card 5, column 71. General Population Data 1,492 approx. 375 6 8952 card-image The original data collection instrument was composed of two forms. Respondents either answered questions in form A or form B. People who received questions from form A will have data in Card 5, column 70, and a blank in card 5, column 71. Those who answered form B will have a blank in card 5, column 70, and have data in card 5, column 71. DEMOGRAPHICS DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FOR THE RESPONDENTS FROM THE "ELITE" GROUP All people in positions of leadership in government, academia, business and labor, the media, religious institutions, special interest groups, and private foreign policy organizations. ID # In Part 1, the Elite Data, the ID variable appears in columns 2-6, not 1-4 as described in the data collection instrument. AREA CODE AND TELEPHONE NUMBER INTERVIEW TIME FORM 1 A 2 B Variables located on cards 8 and 9 are not included in the ICPSR version of the data file SAMPLE 1 RELIGIOUS LEADERS 47 2 BUSINESS 63 3 EDUCATORS - PRESIDENT OR CHANCELLOR 4 EDUCATORS - DEAN OR PROFESSOR 62 5 SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS 22 6 PRIVATE FOREIGN POLICY GROUPS 20 7 SENATORS 22 8 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 28 9 ADMINISTRATION 24 10 LABOR LEADERS 32 11 MEDIA - NEWSPAPER, WIRE SERVICES, MAGAZINE OR JOURNAL EDITORS, ETC. 57 CODE FROM CALL RECORD SHEET 62 REPRESENTS COMBINED RESPONDENTS IN CATEGORIES 3 AND 4 (BOTH PRESIDENT OR CHANCELLOR AND DEAN OR PROFESSOR Hello, this is and I am with The Gallup organization in Princeton, New Jersey. Recently name from call record cardreceived a letter from George Gallup outlining a very important survey on behalf of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. I would like to make an appointment to interview name from call record cardCould I please speak to (him/her)? 1 Yes, I will connect you - (Skip to S4) 2 Secretary would like to make appointment (Set time for call back before 12-2-94 and record on Contact Sheet) 3 No, not available, and makes own appointments - (Set time for call back and record on Contact Sheet) 4 Respondent is no longer with organization - (Ask to speak with replacement, then Skip to S5) 5 (As a last resort:) Respondent is obviously not ever going to be able to participate in survey 6 (Refused) (If code "5" or "6" in "Intro" ask:) I realize that[you are/(name from call record card is] very busy. Could you please refer me to (appropriate substitute from below)who could help us with the study? If code "01" in S1, say:) the person at the next highest level within your organization or congregation (If code "02" in S1, say:) another person in your company who would be equally involved with international business (If code "03" or "04" in S1, say:) a professor who is equally active in the instruction of American domestic policy, American foreign policy, or international studies (If code "05" or "06" in S1, say:) another senior officer at (name of special interest/foreign policy group from call record card), perhaps a vice- president or a co-director (if code "07" or "08" in S1, say;) (Senator or Representative name from call record card)'s legislative assistant who would be most responsible for foreign affairs (if code "09" in S1, say:) someone within (respondent's name from call record card)'s department, or in another area, who would be equally involved with the Clinton administration's affairs in the area of foreign and domestic policy (If code "10" in S1, say:) another senior officer of the union, perhaps a vice-president or co- director (If code "11", say:) someone else who plays a major role deciding which news stories will be included in your (newspaper/newscast) , preferably someone who is involved with international news 1 NAME GIVEN (CONTINUE) 2 REFUSED (THANK AND TERMINATE) Please tell me (his/her) name and direct telephone number.(Record on call record sheet )READ: If you have access to the letter from George Gallup, perhaps you could pass it along to this person so that they know a little bit about the nature of our study. Thank you for your help, and have a nice (day/afternoon). (Reset to "Intro") when qualified respondent is reached continue:Hello, my name is __________________ , and I am with The Gallup Organization in Princeton, New Jersey. Recently, You received a letter from George Gallup outlining a survey regarding foreign policy, that we are conducting on behalf of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. You were selected for the elite portion of the study, because of the important role you play appropriate from belowDo you have about 18 minutes right now to participate in the study, or would you like to arrange an appointment? (If code "01" in S1, say:) as a religious leader in the United States (If code "02" in S1, say:) in the international business conducted in the United States (If code "03" or "04" in S1, say:) as an educator in the United States (If code "05" or "06" in S1, say:). as an influencer of public opinion in the United States (If code "07" or "08" in S1, say:) representing public opinion in the United States (If code "09" in S1, say:) in the Clinton Administration (If code "10" in S1, say:) representing the American worker (If code "11" in S1, say:) determining the types of news stories which Americans are exposed to 1 Yes, now is a good time - (Skip to #1) 2 Would like to make appointment - (Set time for call back before 12-2-94, and record on Contact Sheet) 3 (Did not receive letter) - (Skip to S5*) 4 (Refused) - (Reset to S2) If code "4" in "Intro" or code "3" in S4, say: Hello, my name is _____________________ , and I am with The Gallup organization in Princeton, New Jersey. *We are conducting a study on behalf of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, on attitudes relating to foreign policy. You have been selected for the elite portion of the study because of the important role you play. (appropriate from below)Results of the study will be sent to academic, government, and other institutions, and we will also send each respondent a copy of the results. Do you have about 18 minutes right now to participate in the study, or would you like to arrange an appointment? (If "Yes", say:) Before we begin, I would like you to know that all respondents will remain anonymous, and the answers you give will be held in strict confidence. (If code "01" in S1, say:) as a religious leader in the United States (If code "02" in S1, say:) in the international business conducted in the United States (If code "03" or "04" in S1, say:) as an educator in the United States (If code "05" or "06" in S1, say:) as an influencer of public opinion in the United States (If code "07" or "08" in S1, say:) representing public opinion in the United States (If code "09" in S1, say:) in the Clinton Administration. (If code "10" in S1, say:) representing the American worker (If code "11" in S1, say:) determining the types of news stories which Americans are exposed to 1 Yes, now is a good time - (Skip to #1) 2 Would like to make appointment - (Set time for call back before 12-2-94, and record on Contact Sheet) 3 (Refused) - (Reset to S2) 1ST RESPONSE What do you feel are the two or three biggest problems facing the COUNTRY today? Probe: What else? (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Drug abuse 6 Crime 7 Education (improving our schools) 8 Problems of Elderly (Social security) 9 AIDS 10 Abortion 11 Environment/Ecology/Pollution 12 Ethics in society/Moral decline/"Lack of spiritual influence; people getting away from God"/Pornography/Alcohol 13 Dissatisfaction with government/Unqualified politicians 14 Economy (unspecified) 15 Budget deficit/Failure to balance budget/National debt/ Excessive government spending 16 Oil Crisis (cost of oil, energy crisis) 17 Health Care/Insurance (high medical costs, medicare increase) 18 Unemployment (low wages, recession) 19 Poverty (hunger/starvation/homelessness) 20 Inflation (high prices, value of dollar, decline in purchase power) 21 High cost of borrowing/Interest rates 22 Taxes (high taxes, tax reform) 23 Trade deficit/Balance of payments (too much money going out of country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 24 Industrial Competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 25 Foreign trade (trade policy, protectionism) 26 Middle East (non-specified) 27 Iraq (Saddam Hussein/Invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/Persian Gulf) 28 Relations with Soviet Union 29 Peace (world peace) 30 Defense (national security) 31 Nuclear war (nuclear threat/freeze/fall-out) 32 Arms control 33 Other domestic problems 34 Other foreign policy/International problems 35 War/threat of war 36 Savings and Loan Crisis "problems; bail out; scandal" 37 Welfare - "too much; programs" 38 Racism/unequal opportunities - "prejudice; relations with minorities; lack of opportunities for minorities" 39 Foreign relations/affairs 40 Foreign aid - "too much sent to the other side" 41 Overpopulation 42 Family relations - "deterioration of family structure; family breakdown; changing family unit; single parents" 43 Child Abuse 44 Agriculture - "the state of agriculture; plight of farmers; farmers losing their farms" 45 Gap between rich and poor - "expanding the difference between rich and poor; rich getting richer; poor getting poorer" 46 Youth - "youth gangs; youth of today; young people need help" 47 Greed - "too many greedy people" 48 Teenage pregnancy/Sex 49 We should stay out of the affairs of other countries - "sticking our noses in other countries business; world power role; peace maker role" 50 Immigration - "Too many immigrants coming into the USA; too many foreigners" 51 Leniency for criminals - "too easy on felons; people let out of jail too early; lax prison sentence; death sentence should be used more" 53 MAP to 08 54 Government intervention/too much control 55 Politics/partisan politics 56 Haiti 57 Dissatisfaction with Bill and Hillary Clinton 58 Gun control 59 Financial mismanagement/wasting too much money 60 Judicial systems/judges/attorneys Open ended 2ND RESPONSE What do you feel are the two or three biggest problems facing the COUNTRY today? Probe: What else? (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Drug abuse 6 Crime 7 Education (improving our schools) 8 Problems of Elderly (Social security) 9 AIDS 10 Abortion 11 Environment/Ecology/Pollution 12 Ethics in society/Moral decline/"Lack of spiritual influence; people getting away from God"/Pornography/Alcohol 13 Dissatisfaction with government/Unqualified politicians 14 Economy (unspecified) 15 Budget deficit/Failure to balance budget/National debt/ Excessive government spending 16 Oil Crisis (cost of oil, energy crisis) 17 Health Care/Insurance (high medical costs, medicare increase) 18 Unemployment (low wages, recession) 19 Poverty (hunger/starvation/homelessness) 20 Inflation (high prices, value of dollar, decline in purchase power) 21 High cost of borrowing/Interest rates 22 Taxes (high taxes, tax reform) 23 Trade deficit/Balance of payments (too much money going out of country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 24 Industrial Competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 25 Foreign trade (trade policy, protectionism) 26 Middle East (non-specified) 27 Iraq (Saddam Hussein/Invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/Persian Gulf) 28 Relations with Soviet Union 29 Peace (world peace) 30 Defense (national security) 31 Nuclear war (nuclear threat/freeze/fall-out) 32 Arms control 33 Other domestic problems 34 Other foreign policy/International problems 35 War/threat of war 36 Savings and Loan Crisis "problems; bail out; scandal" 37 Welfare - "too much; programs" 38 Racism/unequal opportunities - "prejudice; relations with minorities; lack of opportunities for minorities" 39 Foreign relations/affairs 40 Foreign aid - "too much sent to the other side" 41 Overpopulation 42 Family relations - "deterioration of family structure; family breakdown; changing family unit; single parents" 43 Child Abuse 44 Agriculture - "the state of agriculture; plight of farmers; farmers losing their farms" 45 Gap between rich and poor - "expanding the difference between rich and poor; rich getting richer; poor getting poorer" 46 Youth - "youth gangs; youth of today; young people need help" 47 Greed - "too many greedy people" 48 Teenage pregnancy/Sex 49 We should stay out of the affairs of other countries - "sticking our noses in other countries business; world power role; peace maker role" 50 Immigration - "Too many immigrants coming into the USA; too many foreigners" 51 Leniency for criminals - "too easy on felons; people let out of jail too early; lax prison sentence; death sentence should be used more" 53 MAP to 08 54 Government intervention/too much control 55 Politics/partisan politics 56 Haiti 57 Dissatisfaction with Bill and Hillary Clinton 58 Gun control 59 Financial mismanagement/wasting too much money 60 Judicial systems/judges/attorneys 3RD RESPONSE What do you feel are the two or three biggest problems facing the COUNTRY today? Probe: What else? (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Drug abuse 6 Crime 7 Education (improving our schools) 8 Problems of Elderly (Social security) 9 AIDS 10 Abortion 11 Environment/Ecology/Pollution 12 Ethics in society/Moral decline/"Lack of spiritual influence; people getting away from God"/Pornography/Alcohol 13 Dissatisfaction with government/Unqualified politicians 14 Economy (unspecified) 15 Budget deficit/Failure to balance budget/National debt/ Excessive government spending 16 Oil Crisis (cost of oil, energy crisis) 17 Health Care/Insurance (high medical costs, medicare increase) 18 Unemployment (low wages, recession) 19 Poverty (hunger/starvation/homelessness) 20 Inflation (high prices, value of dollar, decline in purchase power) 21 High cost of borrowing/Interest rates 22 Taxes (high taxes, tax reform) 23 Trade deficit/Balance of payments (too much money going out of country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 24 Industrial Competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 25 Foreign trade (trade policy, protectionism) 26 Middle East (non-specified) 27 Iraq (Saddam Hussein/Invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/Persian Gulf) 28 Relations with Soviet Union 29 Peace (world peace) 30 Defense (national security) 31 Nuclear war (nuclear threat/freeze/fall-out) 32 Arms control 33 Other domestic problems 34 Other foreign policy/International problems 35 War/threat of war 36 Savings and Loan Crisis "problems; bail out; scandal" 37 Welfare - "too much; programs" 38 Racism/unequal opportunities - "prejudice; relations with minorities; lack of opportunities for minorities" 39 Foreign relations/affairs 40 Foreign aid - "too much sent to the other side" 41 Overpopulation 42 Family relations - "deterioration of family structure; family breakdown; changing family unit; single parents" 43 Child Abuse 44 Agriculture - "the state of agriculture; plight of farmers; farmers losing their farms" 45 Gap between rich and poor - "expanding the difference between rich and poor; rich getting richer; poor getting poorer" 46 Youth - "youth gangs; youth of today; young people need help" 47 Greed - "too many greedy people" 48 Teenage pregnancy/Sex 49 We should stay out of the affairs of other countries - "sticking our noses in other countries business; world power role; peace maker role" 50 Immigration - "Too many immigrants coming into the USA; too many foreigners" 51 Leniency for criminals - "too easy on felons; people let out of jail too early; lax prison sentence; death sentence should be used more" 53 MAP to 08 54 Government intervention/too much control 55 Politics/partisan politics 56 Haiti 57 Dissatisfaction with Bill and Hillary Clinton 58 Gun control 59 Financial mismanagement/wasting too much money 60 Judicial systems/judges/attorneys 1ST RESPONSE What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign policy problems facing the UNITED STATES today?Probe:What else? (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Balance of payments (trade deficit, too much money going out of the country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 6 Devaluation of the dollar 7 World economy/Economy 8 The economic unification of Europe 9 Industrial competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 10 International trade/free trade with all countries/some countries too strict with trade policies 11 Foreign aid (too much sent to other countries) 12 Western Europe/Germany (non-specific) 13 U.S. Relationship with NATO countries 14 Oil shortage, dependency on oil-producing countries 15 Mid-east situation (non-specific) 16 Iraq (Saddam Hussein, invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/ Persian Gulf) 17 Dealings with Russia (SALT talks, arms race) 18 Dealing with Communism 19 Stronger defense/More money on defense 20 Star Wars/SDI 21 Redefinition of U.S. Role in the World - Stronger foreign policy needed; U.S. is compromising; "We should take a leading role in leadership [ILLEGIBLE]" 22 Loss of respect for U.S. abroad 23 Arms control (nuclear weapons, too much military equipment sold to other countries, giving ammunition to other countries) 24 Too much military involvement in other countries 25 Keeping peace (should have better relations) 26 Human rights campaign 27 War (threat of war) 28 Terrorism 29 We should stay out of affairs of other countries 30 Immigration 31 Drugs (smuggling, coming from other countries) 32 Third world problems (poverty, underdevelopment, indebtedness) 33 Changing relations with African countries 34 South Africa/Apartheid 35 Our relationship with Japan 36 Our relationship with Israel 37 Latin/South/Central America (not including Panama or Cuba) 38 Panama, reclaim canal 39 Cuba 40 Domestic problems (crime, unemployment, government waste, etc.) (education, the budget [ILLEGIBLE]) 41 Environment (policies/oil spills/energy sources) 42 China (involvement/problems) 43 Foreign countries buying our real estate/business 44 Foreign relations (better overall relations/the way we relate to foreign countries) 45 Inability to understand other countries (don't understand foreign people and culture/misinformation) 46 Impact of freedom in Eastern Europe - "outcome in eastern Europe; potential backlash in eastern Europe" 47 E.C. 1992 - "reaction to E.C. 1992; European Common Market" 48 Hostages - "hostage situation; getting hostages back" 49 Weak leadership - "honesty in government; lack of commitment; double standards in dealing with other countries; indecision in times of crisis" 50 Countries taking advantage of us/only want our money 51 We act like the world's police/world police 52 Relations/problems with Haiti 53 Relations/problems with North Korea 54 NAFTA/keep our jobs in the U.S. 55 Downsizing the military Open ended 2ND RESPONSE What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign policy problems facing the UNITED STATES today?Probe:What else? (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Balance of payments (trade deficit, too much money going out of the country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 6 Devaluation of the dollar 7 World economy/Economy 8 The economic unification of Europe 9 Industrial competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 10 International trade/free trade with all countries/some countries too strict with trade policies 11 Foreign aid (too much sent to other countries) 12 Western Europe/Germany (non-specific) 13 U.S. Relationship with NATO countries 14 Oil shortage, dependency on oil-producing countries 15 Mid-east situation (non-specific) 16 Iraq (Saddam Hussein, invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/ Persian Gulf) 17 Dealings with Russia (SALT talks, arms race) 18 Dealing with Communism 19 Stronger defense/More money on defense 20 Star Wars/SDI 21 Redefinition of U.S. Role in the World - Stronger foreign policy needed; U.S. is compromising; "We should take a leading role in leadership [ILLEGIBLE]" 22 Loss of respect for U.S. abroad 23 Arms control (nuclear weapons, too much military equipment sold to other countries, giving ammunition to other countries) 24 Too much military involvement in other countries 25 Keeping peace (should have better relations) 26 Human rights campaign 27 War (threat of war) 28 Terrorism 29 We should stay out of affairs of other countries 30 Immigration 31 Drugs (smuggling, coming from other countries) 32 Third world problems (poverty, underdevelopment, indebtedness) 33 Changing relations with African countries 34 South Africa/Apartheid 35 Our relationship with Japan 36 Our relationship with Israel 37 Latin/South/Central America (not including Panama or Cuba) 38 Panama, reclaim canal 39 Cuba 40 Domestic problems (crime, unemployment, government waste, etc.) (education, the budget [ILLEGIBLE]) 41 Environment (policies/oil spills/energy sources) 42 China (involvement/problems) 43 Foreign countries buying our real estate/business 44 Foreign relations (better overall relations/the way we relate to foreign countries) 45 Inability to understand other countries (don't understand foreign people and culture/misinformation) 46 Impact of freedom in Eastern Europe - "outcome in eastern Europe; potential backlash in eastern Europe" 47 E.C. 1992 - "reaction to E.C. 1992; European Common Market" 48 Hostages - "hostage situation; getting hostages back" 49 Weak leadership - "honesty in government; lack of commitment; double standards in dealing with other countries; indecision in times of crisis" 50 Countries taking advantage of us/only want our money 51 We act like the world's police/world police 52 Relations/problems with Haiti 53 Relations/problems with North Korea 54 NAFTA/keep our jobs in the U.S. 55 Downsizing the military 3RD RESPONSE What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign policy problems facing the UNITED STATES today?Probe:What else? (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Balance of payments (trade deficit, too much money going out of the country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 6 Devaluation of the dollar 7 World economy/Economy 8 The economic unification of Europe 9 Industrial competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 10 International trade/free trade with all countries/some countries too strict with trade policies 11 Foreign aid (too much sent to other countries) 12 Western Europe/Germany (non-specific) 13 U.S. Relationship with NATO countries 14 Oil shortage, dependency on oil-producing countries 15 Mid-east situation (non-specific) 16 Iraq (Saddam Hussein, invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/ Persian Gulf) 17 Dealings with Russia (SALT talks, arms race) 18 Dealing with Communism 19 Stronger defense/More money on defense 20 Star Wars/SDI 21 Redefinition of U.S. Role in the World - Stronger foreign policy needed; U.S. is compromising; "We should take a leading role in leadership [ILLEGIBLE]" 22 Loss of respect for U.S. abroad 23 Arms control (nuclear weapons, too much military equipment sold to other countries, giving ammunition to other countries) 24 Too much military involvement in other countries 25 Keeping peace (should have better relations) 26 Human rights campaign 27 War (threat of war) 28 Terrorism 29 We should stay out of affairs of other countries 30 Immigration 31 Drugs (smuggling, coming from other countries) 32 Third world problems (poverty, underdevelopment, indebtedness) 33 Changing relations with African countries 34 South Africa/Apartheid 35 Our relationship with Japan 36 Our relationship with Israel 37 Latin/South/Central America (not including Panama or Cuba) 38 Panama, reclaim canal 39 Cuba 40 Domestic problems (crime, unemployment, government waste, etc.) (education, the budget [ILLEGIBLE]) 41 Environment (policies/oil spills/energy sources) 42 China (involvement/problems) 43 Foreign countries buying our real estate/business 44 Foreign relations (better overall relations/the way we relate to foreign countries) 45 Inability to understand other countries (don't understand foreign people and culture/misinformation) 46 Impact of freedom in Eastern Europe - "outcome in eastern Europe; potential backlash in eastern Europe" 47 E.C. 1992 - "reaction to E.C. 1992; European Common Market" 48 Hostages - "hostage situation; getting hostages back" 49 Weak leadership - "honesty in government; lack of commitment; double standards in dealing with other countries; indecision in times of crisis" 50 Countries taking advantage of us/only want our money 51 We act like the world's police/world police 52 Relations/problems with Haiti 53 Relations/problems with North Korea 54 NAFTA/keep our jobs in the U.S. 55 Downsizing the military I am going to read a list of present federal government programs. For each, I would like you to tell me whether you feel it should be expanded (E) , cut back (CB) , or kept about the same (KAS) How about (read and rotate A-I)AID TO EDUCATION 1 E 2 CB 3 KAS 4 DK 5 RF DEFENSE SPENDING 1 E 2 CB 3 KAS 4 DK 5 RF SOCIAL SECURITY 1 E 2 CB 3 KAS 4 DK 5 RF MILITARY AID TO OTHER NATIONS 1 E 2 CB 3 KAS 4 DK 5 RF ECONOMIC AID TO OTHER NATIONS 1 E 2 CB 3 KAS 4 DK 5 RF SPACE PROGRAM 1 E 2 CB 3 KAS 4 DK 5 RF HEALTH CARE 1 E 2 CB 3 KAS 4 DK 5 RF PROGRAMS TO COMBAT VIOLENCE AND CRIME 1 E 2 CB 3 KAS 4 DK 5 RF GATHERING INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION ABOUT OTHER COUNTRIES 1 E 2 CB 3 KAS 4 DK 5 RF In general, compared to the role of the President, do you feel that Congress is playing too strong a role in determining foreign policy, too weak a role, or about the right role? 1 TOO STRONG A ROLE 2 TOO WEAK A ROLE 3 ABOUT THE RIGHT ROLE 4 DK 5 REFUSED ON THE WHOLE, do you favor or oppose our giving ECONOMIC aid to other nations? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 DK 4 REFUSED IN PARTICULAR, do you think ECONOMIC aid to the following people or nations should be increased (I) , decreased (D) kept about the same (KAS) , or stopped altogether (SA) How about(read and rotate A-G)EGYPT 1 I 2 D 3 KAS 4 SA 5 DK 6 RF RUSSIA 1 I 2 D 3 KAS 4 SA 5 DK 6 RF ISRAEL 1 I 2 D 3 KAS 4 SA 5 DK 6 RF LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES 1 I 2 D 3 KAS 4 SA 5 DK 6 RF PALESTINIANS IN THE WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP 1 I 2 D 3 KAS 4 SA 5 DK 6 RF AFRICAN COUNTRIES 1 I 2 D 3 KAS 4 SA 5 DK 6 RF NEWLY INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES IN EASTERN EUROPE 1 I 2 D 3 KAS 4 SA 5 DK 6 RF ON THE WHOLE, do you favor or oppose our government SELLING military equipment to other nations? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 DK 4 REFUSED Do you think the United States plays a more important and powerful role as a world leader today compared to ten years ago, a less important role, or about as important a role as a world leader as it did ten years ago? 1 MORE IMPORTANT 2 LESS IMPORTANT 3 ABOUT AS IMPORTANT 4 DK 5 REFUSED Please tell me whether in your estimation the following countries will play a greater (G) role or a lesser (L) role in the next ten years than they do today. (AS=About the same). How about (read and rotate A-E)THE UNITED STATES 1 G 2 L 3 AS 4 DK 5 RF RUSSIA 1 G 2 L 3 AS 4 DK 5 RF JAPAN 1 G 2 L 3 AS 4 DK 5 RF GERMANY 1 G 2 L 3 AS 4 DK 5 RF CHINA 1 G 2 L 3 AS 4 DK 5 RF Do you think it will be best for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs? 1 ACTIVE PART 2 STAY OUT 3 DK 4 REFUSED How do you rate the Clinton administration's handling of the following problems? Would you say the administration's handling of (read and rotate A-G) has been excellent (E), good (G), fair (F), or poor (P)? OVERALL FOREIGN POLICY 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF OVERALL TRADE POLICY 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF IMMIGRATION POLICY 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF RELATIONS WITH LATIN AMERICA 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF RELATIONS WITH JAPAN 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF THE MIDDLE EAST 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF How would you rate the response of the U.S. government to the following situations? Would you say the response to (read and rotate A-F)was excellent (E), good (G), fair (F), or poor (P)? THE WAR IN BOSNIA 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF THE POTENTIAL NUCLEAR THREAT FROM NORTH KOREA 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF THE SITUATION IN HAITI 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF THE SITUATION IN CUBA 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF THE SITUATION IN RWANDA 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST 1 E 2 G 3 F 4 P 5 DK 6 RF Many people believe that the United States has a vital interest in certain areas of the world and not in other areas; that is, certain countries of the world are important to the U.S. for political, economic or security reasons. I am going to read a list of countries. For each, tell me whether you feel that the U.S. does (D) or does not (DN) have a vital interest in that country. How about(read and rotate A-R, randomly selecting ONLY half of A-R)GERMANY 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF JAPAN 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF MEXICO 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF ISRAEL 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF CANADA 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF BRAZIL 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF RUSSIA 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF GREAT BRITAIN 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF SAUDI ARABIA 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF CHINA 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF FRANCE 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF SOUTH KOREA 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF EGYPT 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF SOUTH AFRICA 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF POLAND 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF HAITI 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES OF LATVIA, LITHUANIA AND ESTONIA 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF THE UKRAINE 1 D 2 DN 3 DK 4 RF I am going to read you a list of possible threats to the vital interest of the United States in the next ten years. For each one, please tell me if you see this as a critical (C) threat, an important (I) but not critical threat, or not an important threat at all (NIA) How about(read and rotate A-H)THE MILITARY POWER OF RUSSIA 1 C 2 I 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF ECONOMIC COMPETITION FROM JAPAN 1 C 2 I 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF ECONOMIC COMPETITION FROM EUROPE 1 C 2 I 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA AS A WORLD POWER 1 C 2 I 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF POSSIBLE EXPANSION OF ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM 1 C 2 I 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF THE POSSIBILITY OF UNFRIENDLY COUNTRIES BECOMING NUCLEAR POWERS 1 C 2 I 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM 1 C 2 I 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF LARGE NUMBERS OF IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES COMING INTO THE U.S. 1 C 2 I 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF There has been some discussion about the circumstances that might justify using U.S. troops in other parts of the world. I would like to ask your opinion about some situations. (First/Next), would you favor (F) or oppose (O) the use of U.S. troops (read and rotate A-H)IF NORTH KOREA INVADED SOUTH KOREA 1 F 2 O 3 DK 4 RF If Iraq invaded Saudi Arabia 1 F 2 O 3 DK 4 RF If Arab forces invaded Israel 1 F 2 O 3 DK 4 RF If Russia invaded Ukraine 1 F 2 O 3 DK 4 RF If Russia invaded Poland 1 F 2 O 3 DK 4 RF If Russia invaded Western Europe 1 F 2 O 3 DK 4 RF If civil war broke out in South Africa 1 F 2 O 3 DK 4 RF If people in Cuba attempted to overthrow the Castro dictatorship 1 F 2 O 3 DK 4 RF I am going to read a list of possible foreign policy goals that the United States might have. For each one, please say whether you think that it should be a very important (VI) foreign policy goal of the United States, a somewhat important (SI) foreign policy goal, or not an important goal at all (NIA) . (First/Next) , how about read and rotate A-P, randomly selecting ONLY half of A-.Protecting weaker nations against foreign aggression 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Promoting and defending human rights in other countries 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Reducing our trade deficit with foreign countries 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Strengthening the United Nations 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Combatting world hunger 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Maintaining superior military power worldwide 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Protecting the jobs of American workers 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Protecting the interests of American business abroad 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Helping to bring a democratic form of government to other nations 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Securing adequate supplies of energy 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Defending our allies' security 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Controlling and reducing illegal immigration 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Helping to improve the standard of living of less developed nations 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Improving the global environment 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Preventing the spread of nuclear weapons 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Stopping the flow of illegal drugs into the United States 1 VI 2 SI 3 NIA 4 DK 5 RF Tell me if you agree strongly, agree somewhat, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with the statement: "The Vietnam War was more than a mistake; it was fundamentally wrong and immoral." 1 AGREE STRONGLY 2 AGREE SOMEWHAT 3 DISAGREE SOMEWHAT 4 DISAGREE STRONGLY 5 DK 6 REFUSED FORM A Do you think the Vietnam War was fundamentally wrong and immoral, not immoral but a mistake, or neither one? 1 FUNDAMENTALLY WRONG AND IMMORAL 2 NOT IMMORAL BUT A MISTAKE 3 NEITHER IMMORAL NOR A MISTAKE 4 BOTH 5 DK 6 REFUSED FORM B Do you think that we should expand our spending on national defense, keep it about the same, or cut back? 1 EXPAND 2 KEEP ABOUT THE SAME 3 CUT BACK 4 DK 5 REFUSED In your view, which continent is more important to the U.S. - Asia or Europe? 1 ASIA MORE IMPORTANT 2 EUROPE MORE IMPORTANT 3 BOTH EQUALLY IMPORTANT 4 DK 5 REFUSED Some people feel that NATO, the military organization of Western Europe and the United States, has outlived its usefulness, and that the United States should withdraw militarily from NATO. Others say that NATO still has a function in preserving peace in Europe. Do you feel we should increase our commitment to NATO, keep our commitment what it is now, decrease our commitment but still remain in NATO, or withdraw from NATO entirely? 1 INCREASE COMMITMENT 2 KEEP COMMITMENT 3 DECREASE OUR COMMITMENT 4 WITHDRAW ENTIRELY 5 DK 6 REFUSED Some people believe that NATO should be expanded to include Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, thereby committing the United States to defend them against attack in the same way as we are committed to defending Western Europe. Do you think NATO should or should not be expanded to include those three countries? 1 SHOULD INCLUDE THOSE COUNTRIES 2 SHOULD NOT INCLUDE THOSE COUNTRIES 3 DK 4 REFUSED In general, if U.S. troops are part of a United Nations international peacekeeping force, should the United States insist that a U.S. commander be in charge of the operation, or should we be willing to accept a commander appointed by the United Nations? 1 INSIST ON U.S. COMMANDER 2 ACCEPT A COMMANDER APPOINTED BY THE UNITED NATIONS 3 DK 4 REFUSED For each of the following countries, please tell me if you think it should be encouraged (E) to play an increased military role in the world, or if it should be discouraged (D) from playing an increased military role in the world. How about (read and rotate A-C)JAPAN 1 E 2 D 3 DK 4 RF GERMANY 1 E 2 D 3 DK 4 RF CANADA 1 E 2 D 3 DK 4 RF Should permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council be expanded to include Germany, or not? 1 YES 2 NO 3 DK 4 RF Should permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council be expanded to include Japan, or not? 1 YES 2 NO 3 DK 4 RF In 1992, most of the countries of Western Europe became one economic market, with no internal trade restrictions. Do you think the economic unification of Western Europe is mostly a good thing or mostly a bad thing for the United States? 1 MOSTLY A GOOD THING 2 MOSTLY A BAD THING 3 DK 4 REFUSED Do you think the United States should (S) or should not (SN) establish normal diplomatic relations with the following countries? How about (read and rotate A to D)NORTH KOREA 1 S 2 SN 3 DK 4 RF VIETNAM 1 S 2 SN 3 DK 4 RF CUBA 1 S 2 SN 3 DK 4 RF IRAN 1 S 2 SN 3 DK 4 RF In general, do you feel the CIA should or should not work secretly inside other countries to try to weaken or overthrow governments unfriendly to the U.S.? 1 SHOULD WORK IN THESE COUNTRIES 2 SHOULD NOT WORK IN THESE COUNTRIES 3 DK 4 REFUSED As I read you a list of countries, please tell me if you think the U.S. government should be secretly spying on the government of that country, or not? How about NORTH KOREA 1 YES 2 NO 3 DK 4 RF MEXICO 1 YES 2 NO 3 DK 4 RF GREAT BRITAIN 1 YES 2 NO 3 DK 4 RF JAPAN 1 YES 2 NO 3 DK 4 RF RUSSIA 1 YES 2 NO 3 DK 4 RF ISRAEL 1 YES 2 NO 3 DK 4 RF IRAQ 1 YES 2 NO 3 DK 4 RF CHINA 1 YES 2 NO 3 DK 4 RF Do you favor or oppose the establishment of an independent Palestinian state on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 DK 4 REFUSED If Canada split up and Quebec became an independent country, do you think it would be mostly good for the United States, mostly bad, or would it not make any difference to the United States? 1 MOSTLY GOOD 2 MOSTLY BAD 3 NOT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE 4 DK 5 REFUSED It has been argued that if all countries would eliminate their tariffs and restrictions on imported goods, the costs of goods would go down for everyone. Others have said that such tariffs and restrictions are necessary to protect certain manufacturing jobs in certain industries from the competition of less expensive imports. Generally, would you say you sympathize more with those who want to eliminate tariffs or those who think such tariffs are necessary? 1 ELIMINATE TARIFFS 2 TARIFFS ARE NECESSARY 3 DK 4 REFUSED As you may know, last year the United States and Mexico signed a North American Free Trade Agreement called NAFTA. Do you think this trade agreement with Mexico is mostly good for the U.S. economy, or mostly bad? 1 MOSTLY GOOD 2 MOSTLY BAD 3 DK 4 REFUSED In general, do you think that the countries of the European Union (formerly called the European Community) practice fair trade or unfair trade with the United States? 1 FAIR TRADE 2 UNFAIR TRADE 3 DK 4 REFUSED In general, do you think that Japan practices fair trade or unfair trade with the United States? 1 FAIR TRADE 2 UNFAIR TRADE 3 DK 4 REFUSED Would you favor or oppose the creation of a trans- Atlantic free trade area between the United States and the European Union? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 DK 4 REFUSED In politics today, do you consider yourself a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent? 1 REPUBLICAN (CONTINUE) 2 DEMOCRAT (CONTINUE) 3 INDEPENDENT (SKIP TO D3) 4 DK (SKIP TO D3) 5 REFUSED (SKIP TO D3) (If code "1" or "2" in D1, ask:)Would you consider yourself a STRONG (response in D1), or NOT a strong (response in D1)? (All in D2, Skip to D4) 1 STRONG 2 NOT STRONG 3 DK 4 REFUSED (If code "3", "4" or "5" in D1, ask:) Do you LEAN more toward the Republican party, or do you LEAN more toward the Democratic party? 1 REPUBLICAN 2 DEMOCRATIC 3 DK 4 REFUSED How would you describe your political views - as very conservative, fairly conservative, middle of the road, fairly liberal, or very liberal? 1 VERY CONSERVATIVE 2 FAIRLY CONSERVATIVE 3 MIDDLE OF THE ROAD 4 FAIRLY LIBERAL 5 VERY LIBERAL 6 DK 7 REFUSED TITLE That is the end of the questionnaire, however, I would like to confirm your name and address so we can send you a copy of the report that The Chicago Council on Foreign Affairs will write based on the results of this study. (Verify title, name, address and phone number from call record sheet) NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP CODE INTERVIEWER I.D. # When you follow the news these days, how interested are you in reports about the following: very interested, somewhat interested, or hardly interested at all? First, how interested are you in: (READ a to e) NEWS ABOUT YOUR LOCAL COMMUNITY 1 VERY INTERESTED 2 SOMEWHAT INTERESTED 3 HARDLY INTERESTED AT ALL 4 DON'T READ NEWSPAPERS (VOL.) 5 NOT SURE NEWS ABOUT YOUR STATE 1 VERY INTERESTED 2 SOMEWHAT INTERESTED 3 HARDLY INTERESTED AT ALL 4 DON'T READ NEWSPAPERS (VOL.) 5 NOT SURE NATIONAL NEWS 1 VERY INTERESTED 2 SOMEWHAT INTERESTED 3 HARDLY INTERESTED AT ALL 4 DON'T READ NEWSPAPERS (VOL.) 5 NOT SURE NEWS ABOUT OTHER COUNTRIES 1 VERY INTERESTED 2 SOMEWHAT INTERESTED 3 HARDLY INTERESTED AT ALL 4 DON'T READ NEWSPAPERS (VOL.) 5 NOT SURE NEWS ABOUT THE RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES WITH OTHER COUNTRIES 1 VERY INTERESTED 2 SOMEWHAT INTERESTED 3 HARDLY INTERESTED AT ALL 4 DON'T READ NEWSPAPERS (VOL.) 5 NOT SURE [1ST RESPONSE] What do you feel are the two or three biggest problems facing the country today? (RECORD ANSWERS VERBATIM, PROBE FOR THREE RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Drug abuse 6 Crime 7 Education (improving our schools) 8 Problems of Elderly (Social security) 9 AIDS 10 Abortion 11 Environment/Ecology/Pollution 12 Ethics in society/Moral decline/"Lack of spiritual influence; people getting away from God"/Pornography/Alcohol 13 Dissatisfaction with government/Unqualified politicians 14 Economy (unspecified) 15 Budget deficit/Failure to balance budget/National debt/ Excessive government spending 16 Oil Crisis (cost of oil, energy crisis) 17 Health Care/Insurance (high medical costs, medicare increase) 18 Unemployment (low wages, recession) 19 Poverty (hunger/starvation/homelessness) 20 Inflation (high prices, value of dollar, decline in purchase power) 21 High cost of borrowing/Interest rates 22 Taxes (high taxes, tax reform) 23 Trade deficit/Balance of payments (too much money going out of country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 24 Industrial Competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 25 Foreign trade (trade policy, protectionism) 26 Middle East (non-specified) 27 Iraq (Saddam Hussein/Invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/Persian Gulf) 28 Relations with Soviet Union 29 Peace (world peace) 30 Defense (national security) 31 Nuclear war (nuclear threat/freeze/fall-out) 32 Arms control 33 Other domestic problems 34 Other foreign policy/International problems 35 War/threat of war 36 Savings and Loan Crisis "problems; bail out; scandal" 37 Welfare - "too much; programs" 38 Racism/unequal opportunities - "prejudice; relations with minorities; lack of opportunities for minorities" 39 Foreign relations/affairs 40 Foreign aid - "too much sent to the other side" 41 Overpopulation 42 Family relations - "deterioration of family structure; family breakdown; changing family unit; single parents" 43 Child Abuse 44 Agriculture - "the state of agriculture; plight of farmers; farmers losing their farms" 45 Gap between rich and poor - "expanding the difference between rich and poor; rich getting richer; poor getting poorer" 46 Youth - "youth gangs; youth of today; young people need help" 47 Greed - "too many greedy people" 48 Teenage pregnancy/Sex 49 We should stay out of the affairs of other countries - "sticking our noses in other countries business; world power role; peace maker role" 50 Immigration - "Too many immigrants coming into the USA; too many foreigners" 51 Leniency for criminals - "too easy on felons; people let out of jail too early; lax prison sentence; death sentence should be used more" 53 MAP to 08 54 Government intervention/too much control 55 Politics/partisan politics 56 Haiti 57 Dissatisfaction with Bill and Hillary Clinton 58 Gun control 59 Financial mismanagement/wasting too much money 60 Judicial systems/judges/attorneys [OPEN-ENDED] [2ND RESPONSE] What do you feel are the two or three biggest problems facing the country today? (RECORD ANSWERS VERBATIM, PROBE FOR THREE RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Drug abuse 6 Crime 7 Education (improving our schools) 8 Problems of Elderly (Social security) 9 AIDS 10 Abortion 11 Environment/Ecology/Pollution 12 Ethics in society/Moral decline/"Lack of spiritual influence; people getting away from God"/Pornography/Alcohol 13 Dissatisfaction with government/Unqualified politicians 14 Economy (unspecified) 15 Budget deficit/Failure to balance budget/National debt/ Excessive government spending 16 Oil Crisis (cost of oil, energy crisis) 17 Health Care/Insurance (high medical costs, medicare increase) 18 Unemployment (low wages, recession) 19 Poverty (hunger/starvation/homelessness) 20 Inflation (high prices, value of dollar, decline in purchase power) 21 High cost of borrowing/Interest rates 22 Taxes (high taxes, tax reform) 23 Trade deficit/Balance of payments (too much money going out of country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 24 Industrial Competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 25 Foreign trade (trade policy, protectionism) 26 Middle East (non-specified) 27 Iraq (Saddam Hussein/Invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/Persian Gulf) 28 Relations with Soviet Union 29 Peace (world peace) 30 Defense (national security) 31 Nuclear war (nuclear threat/freeze/fall-out) 32 Arms control 33 Other domestic problems 34 Other foreign policy/International problems 35 War/threat of war 36 Savings and Loan Crisis "problems; bail out; scandal" 37 Welfare - "too much; programs" 38 Racism/unequal opportunities - "prejudice; relations with minorities; lack of opportunities for minorities" 39 Foreign relations/affairs 40 Foreign aid - "too much sent to the other side" 41 Overpopulation 42 Family relations - "deterioration of family structure; family breakdown; changing family unit; single parents" 43 Child Abuse 44 Agriculture - "the state of agriculture; plight of farmers; farmers losing their farms" 45 Gap between rich and poor - "expanding the difference between rich and poor; rich getting richer; poor getting poorer" 46 Youth - "youth gangs; youth of today; young people need help" 47 Greed - "too many greedy people" 48 Teenage pregnancy/Sex 49 We should stay out of the affairs of other countries - "sticking our noses in other countries business; world power role; peace maker role" 50 Immigration - "Too many immigrants coming into the USA; too many foreigners" 51 Leniency for criminals - "too easy on felons; people let out of jail too early; lax prison sentence; death sentence should be used more" 53 MAP to 08 54 Government intervention/too much control 55 Politics/partisan politics 56 Haiti 57 Dissatisfaction with Bill and Hillary Clinton 58 Gun control 59 Financial mismanagement/wasting too much money 60 Judicial systems/judges/attorneys [3RD RESPONSE] What do you feel are the two or three biggest problems facing the country today? (RECORD ANSWERS VERBATIM, PROBE FOR THREE RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Drug abuse 6 Crime 7 Education (improving our schools) 8 Problems of Elderly (Social security) 9 AIDS 10 Abortion 11 Environment/Ecology/Pollution 12 Ethics in society/Moral decline/"Lack of spiritual influence; people getting away from God"/Pornography/Alcohol 13 Dissatisfaction with government/Unqualified politicians 14 Economy (unspecified) 15 Budget deficit/Failure to balance budget/National debt/ Excessive government spending 16 Oil Crisis (cost of oil, energy crisis) 17 Health Care/Insurance (high medical costs, medicare increase) 18 Unemployment (low wages, recession) 19 Poverty (hunger/starvation/homelessness) 20 Inflation (high prices, value of dollar, decline in purchase power) 21 High cost of borrowing/Interest rates 22 Taxes (high taxes, tax reform) 23 Trade deficit/Balance of payments (too much money going out of country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 24 Industrial Competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 25 Foreign trade (trade policy, protectionism) 26 Middle East (non-specified) 27 Iraq (Saddam Hussein/Invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/Persian Gulf) 28 Relations with Soviet Union 29 Peace (world peace) 30 Defense (national security) 31 Nuclear war (nuclear threat/freeze/fall-out) 32 Arms control 33 Other domestic problems 34 Other foreign policy/International problems 35 War/threat of war 36 Savings and Loan Crisis "problems; bail out; scandal" 37 Welfare - "too much; programs" 38 Racism/unequal opportunities - "prejudice; relations with minorities; lack of opportunities for minorities" 39 Foreign relations/affairs 40 Foreign aid - "too much sent to the other side" 41 Overpopulation 42 Family relations - "deterioration of family structure; family breakdown; changing family unit; single parents" 43 Child Abuse 44 Agriculture - "the state of agriculture; plight of farmers; farmers losing their farms" 45 Gap between rich and poor - "expanding the difference between rich and poor; rich getting richer; poor getting poorer" 46 Youth - "youth gangs; youth of today; young people need help" 47 Greed - "too many greedy people" 48 Teenage pregnancy/Sex 49 We should stay out of the affairs of other countries - "sticking our noses in other countries business; world power role; peace maker role" 50 Immigration - "Too many immigrants coming into the USA; too many foreigners" 51 Leniency for criminals - "too easy on felons; people let out of jail too early; lax prison sentence; death sentence should be used more" 53 MAP to 08 54 Government intervention/too much control 55 Politics/partisan politics 56 Haiti 57 Dissatisfaction with Bill and Hillary Clinton 58 Gun control 59 Financial mismanagement/wasting too much money 60 Judicial systems/judges/attorneys [1ST RESPONSE] What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign policy problems facing the United States today?(RECORD ANSWERS VERBATIM, PROBE FOR THREE RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Balance of payments (trade deficit, too much money going out of the country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 6 Devaluation of the dollar 7 World economy/Economy 8 The economic unification of Europe 9 Industrial competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 10 International trade/free trade with all countries/some countries too strict with trade policies 11 Foreign aid (too much sent to other countries) 12 Western Europe/Germany (non-specific) 13 U.S. Relationship with NATO countries 14 Oil shortage, dependency on oil-producing countries 15 Mid-east situation (non-specific) 16 Iraq (Saddam Hussein, invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/ Persian Gulf) 17 Dealings with Russia (SALT talks, arms race) 18 Dealing with Communism 19 Stronger defense/More money on defense 20 Star Wars/SDI 21 Redefinition of U.S. Role in the World - Stronger foreign policy needed; U.S. is compromising; "We should take a leading role in leadership [ILLEGIBLE]" 22 Loss of respect for U.S. abroad 23 Arms control (nuclear weapons, too much military equipment sold to other countries, giving ammunition to other countries) 24 Too much military involvement in other countries 25 Keeping peace (should have better relations) 26 Human rights campaign 27 War (threat of war) 28 Terrorism 29 We should stay out of affairs of other countries 30 Immigration 31 Drugs (smuggling, coming from other countries) 32 Third world problems (poverty, underdevelopment, indebtedness) 33 Changing relations with African countries 34 South Africa/Apartheid 35 Our relationship with Japan 36 Our relationship with Israel 37 Latin/South/Central America (not including Panama or Cuba) 38 Panama, reclaim canal 39 Cuba 40 Domestic problems (crime, unemployment, government waste, etc.) (education, the budget [ILLEGIBLE]) 41 Environment (policies/oil spills/energy sources) 42 China (involvement/problems) 43 Foreign countries buying our real estate/business 44 Foreign relations (better overall relations/the way we relate to foreign countries) 45 Inability to understand other countries (don't understand foreign people and culture/misinformation) 46 Impact of freedom in Eastern Europe - "outcome in eastern Europe; potential backlash in eastern Europe" 47 E.C. 1992 - "reaction to E.C. 1992; European Common Market" 48 Hostages - "hostage situation; getting hostages back" 49 Weak leadership - "honesty in government; lack of commitment; double standards in dealing with other countries; indecision in times of crisis" 50 Countries taking advantage of us/only want our money 51 We act like the world's police/world police 52 Relations/problems with Haiti 53 Relations/problems with North Korea 54 NAFTA/keep our jobs in the U.S. 55 Downsizing the military [OPEN-ENDED] [2ND RESPONSE] What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign policy problems facing the United States today?(RECORD ANSWERS VERBATIM, PROBE FOR THREE RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Balance of payments (trade deficit, too much money going out of the country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 6 Devaluation of the dollar 7 World economy/Economy 8 The economic unification of Europe 9 Industrial competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 10 International trade/free trade with all countries/some countries too strict with trade policies 11 Foreign aid (too much sent to other countries) 12 Western Europe/Germany (non-specific) 13 U.S. Relationship with NATO countries 14 Oil shortage, dependency on oil-producing countries 15 Mid-east situation (non-specific) 16 Iraq (Saddam Hussein, invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/ Persian Gulf) 17 Dealings with Russia (SALT talks, arms race) 18 Dealing with Communism 19 Stronger defense/More money on defense 20 Star Wars/SDI 21 Redefinition of U.S. Role in the World - Stronger foreign policy needed; U.S. is compromising; "We should take a leading role in leadership [ILLEGIBLE]" 22 Loss of respect for U.S. abroad 23 Arms control (nuclear weapons, too much military equipment sold to other countries, giving ammunition to other countries) 24 Too much military involvement in other countries 25 Keeping peace (should have better relations) 26 Human rights campaign 27 War (threat of war) 28 Terrorism 29 We should stay out of affairs of other countries 30 Immigration 31 Drugs (smuggling, coming from other countries) 32 Third world problems (poverty, underdevelopment, indebtedness) 33 Changing relations with African countries 34 South Africa/Apartheid 35 Our relationship with Japan 36 Our relationship with Israel 37 Latin/South/Central America (not including Panama or Cuba) 38 Panama, reclaim canal 39 Cuba 40 Domestic problems (crime, unemployment, government waste, etc.) (education, the budget [ILLEGIBLE]) 41 Environment (policies/oil spills/energy sources) 42 China (involvement/problems) 43 Foreign countries buying our real estate/business 44 Foreign relations (better overall relations/the way we relate to foreign countries) 45 Inability to understand other countries (don't understand foreign people and culture/misinformation) 46 Impact of freedom in Eastern Europe - "outcome in eastern Europe; potential backlash in eastern Europe" 47 E.C. 1992 - "reaction to E.C. 1992; European Common Market" 48 Hostages - "hostage situation; getting hostages back" 49 Weak leadership - "honesty in government; lack of commitment; double standards in dealing with other countries; indecision in times of crisis" 50 Countries taking advantage of us/only want our money 51 We act like the world's police/world police 52 Relations/problems with Haiti 53 Relations/problems with North Korea 54 NAFTA/keep our jobs in the U.S. 55 Downsizing the military [3RD RESPONSE] What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign policy problems facing the United States today?(RECORD ANSWERS VERBATIM, PROBE FOR THREE RESPONSES) 1 Other (List) 2 Don't know 3 Refused 4 None, no problems 5 Balance of payments (trade deficit, too much money going out of the country, buying too much overseas, import of foreign products) 6 Devaluation of the dollar 7 World economy/Economy 8 The economic unification of Europe 9 Industrial competitiveness (economically/technically behind other countries, declining productivity) 10 International trade/free trade with all countries/some countries too strict with trade policies 11 Foreign aid (too much sent to other countries) 12 Western Europe/Germany (non-specific) 13 U.S. Relationship with NATO countries 14 Oil shortage, dependency on oil-producing countries 15 Mid-east situation (non-specific) 16 Iraq (Saddam Hussein, invasion of Kuwait/Saudi Arabia/ Persian Gulf) 17 Dealings with Russia (SALT talks, arms race) 18 Dealing with Communism 19 Stronger defense/More money on defense 20 Star Wars/SDI 21 Redefinition of U.S. Role in the World - Stronger foreign policy needed; U.S. is compromising; "We should take a leading role in leadership [ILLEGIBLE]" 22 Loss of respect for U.S. abroad 23 Arms control (nuclear weapons, too much military equipment sold to other countries, giving ammunition to other countries) 24 Too much military involvement in other countries 25 Keeping peace (should have better relations) 26 Human rights campaign 27 War (threat of war) 28 Terrorism 29 We should stay out of affairs of other countries 30 Immigration 31 Drugs (smuggling, coming from other countries) 32 Third world problems (poverty, underdevelopment, indebtedness) 33 Changing relations with African countries 34 South Africa/Apartheid 35 Our relationship with Japan 36 Our relationship with Israel 37 Latin/South/Central America (not including Panama or Cuba) 38 Panama, reclaim canal 39 Cuba 40 Domestic problems (crime, unemployment, government waste, etc.) (education, the budget [ILLEGIBLE]) 41 Environment (policies/oil spills/energy sources) 42 China (involvement/problems) 43 Foreign countries buying our real estate/business 44 Foreign relations (better overall relations/the way we relate to foreign countries) 45 Inability to understand other countries (don't understand foreign people and culture/misinformation) 46 Impact of freedom in Eastern Europe - "outcome in eastern Europe; potential backlash in eastern Europe" 47 E.C. 1992 - "reaction to E.C. 1992; European Common Market" 48 Hostages - "hostage situation; getting hostages back" 49 Weak leadership - "honesty in government; lack of commitment; double standards in dealing with other countries; indecision in times of crisis" 50 Countries taking advantage of us/only want our money 51 We act like the world's police/world police 52 Relations/problems with Haiti 53 Relations/problems with North Korea 54 NAFTA/keep our jobs in the U.S. 55 Downsizing the military HAND RESPONDENT CARD ASome people are quite active in politics, while others prefer not to take an active part.During the last three to four years have you done any of the things listed on this card? Just call off the number in front of any of the things you have done. 1 VOTED IN THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2 VOTED IN LOCAL OR STATE ELECTION 3 WORKED FOR A POLITICAL PARTY OR CANDIDATE 4 GONE TO A POLITICAL MEETING TO HEAR A CANDIDATE SPEAK 5 ASKED SOMEONE TO VOTE FOR YOUR PARTY OR CANDIDATE 6 WORN A CAMPAIGN BUTTON OR DISPLAYED A CAMPAIGN POSTER 7 WRITTEN OR SPOKEN TO A PUBLIC OFFICIAL ABOUT SOME PERSONAL NEED OR PROBLEM 8 WRITTEN OR SPOKEN TO A PUBLIC OFFICIAL ABOUT SOME POLITICAL ISSUE OR PROBLEM (IF RESPONDENT CHOOSES 8 ASK Q4B) 0 NONE OF THESE You mentioned that you have written or spoken to an elected official about a political issue. Did any of these issues concern foreign affairs? 1 YES 2 NO 3 DON'T KNOW/NO OPINION I am going to read a list of present federal government programs. For each, I'd like you to tell me whether you feel it should be expanded, cut back or kept about the same. (READ AND ROTATE a-i) AID TO EDUCATION 1 EXPAND 2 CUT BACK 3 KEPT SAME 4 NOT SURE DEFENSE SPENDING 1 EXPAND 2 CUT BACK 3 KEPT SAME 4 NOT SURE SOCIAL SECURITY 1 EXPAND 2 CUT BACK 3 KEPT SAME 4 NOT SURE MILITARY AID TO OTHER NATIONS 1 EXPAND 2 CUT BACK 3 KEPT SAME 4 NOT SURE ECONOMIC AID TO OTHER NATIONS 1 EXPAND 2 CUT BACK 3 KEPT SAME 4 NOT SURE SPACE PROGRAM 1 EXPAND 2 CUT BACK 3 KEPT SAME 4 NOT SURE HEALTH CARE 1 EXPAND 2 CUT BACK 3 KEPT SAME 4 NOT SURE PROGRAMS TO COMBAT VIOLENCE AND CRIME 1 EXPAND 2 CUT BACK 3 KEPT SAME 4 NOT SURE GATHERING INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION ABOUT OTHER COUNTRIES 1 EXPAND 2 CUT BACK 3 KEPT SAME 4 NOT SURE In general, compared to the role of the President, do you feel that Congress is playing too strong a role in determining foreign policy, too weak a role, or about the right role? 1 CONGRESS PLAYING TOO STRONG A ROLE 2 CONGRESS PLAYING TOO WEAK A ROLE 3 CONGRESS PLAYING ABOUT THE RIGHT ROLE 4 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION Do you feel that the following U.S. Presidents have been very successful, somewhat successful, somewhat unsuccessful or very unsuccessful in the conduct of foreign policy? How about... (READ AND ROTATE a-j) BILL CLINTON 1 VERY SUCCESSFUL 2 SOMEWHAT SUCCESSFUL 3 SOMEWHAT UNSUCCESSFUL 4 VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 5 NOT SURE GEORGE BUSH 1 VERY SUCCESSFUL 2 SOMEWHAT SUCCESSFUL 3 SOMEWHAT UNSUCCESSFUL 4 VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 5 NOT SURE RONALD REAGAN 1 VERY SUCCESSFUL 2 SOMEWHAT SUCCESSFUL 3 SOMEWHAT UNSUCCESSFUL 4 VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 5 NOT SURE JIMMY CARTER 1 VERY SUCCESSFUL 2 SOMEWHAT SUCCESSFUL 3 SOMEWHAT UNSUCCESSFUL 4 VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 5 NOT SURE GERALD FORD 1 VERY SUCCESSFUL 2 SOMEWHAT SUCCESSFUL 3 SOMEWHAT UNSUCCESSFUL 4 VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 5 NOT SURE RICHARD NIXON 1 VERY SUCCESSFUL 2 SOMEWHAT SUCCESSFUL 3 SOMEWHAT UNSUCCESSFUL 4 VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 5 NOT SURE LYNDON JOHNSON 1 VERY SUCCESSFUL 2 SOMEWHAT SUCCESSFUL 3 SOMEWHAT UNSUCCESSFUL 4 VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 5 NOT SURE JOHN F. KENNEDY 1 VERY SUCCESSFUL 2 SOMEWHAT SUCCESSFUL 3 SOMEWHAT UNSUCCESSFUL 4 VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 5 NOT SURE DWIGHT EISENHOWER 1 VERY SUCCESSFUL 2 SOMEWHAT SUCCESSFUL 3 SOMEWHAT UNSUCCESSFUL 4 VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 5 NOT SURE HARRY TRUMAN 1 VERY SUCCESSFUL 2 SOMEWHAT SUCCESSFUL 3 SOMEWHAT UNSUCCESSFUL 4 VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 5 NOT SURE How important an impact do you think U.S. foreign policy has on the following: a major impact, a minor impact, or no impact at all? How about (READ AND ROTATE a-e) THE VALUE OF THE DOLLAR ABROAD 1 MAJOR IMPACT 2 MINOR IMPACT 3 NO IMPACT 4 NOT SURE OUR OVERALL ECONOMY IN THE U.S. 1 MAJOR IMPACT 2 MINOR IMPACT 3 NO IMPACT 4 NOT SURE YOUR OWN, PERSONAL STANDARD OF LIVING 1 MAJOR IMPACT 2 MINOR IMPACT 3 NO IMPACT 4 NOT SURE GASOLINE PRICES IN THE U.S. 1 MAJOR IMPACT 2 MINOR IMPACT 3 NO IMPACT 4 NOT SURE UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE U.S. 1 MAJOR IMPACT 2 MINOR IMPACT 3 NO IMPACT 4 NOT SURE On the whole, do you favor or oppose our giving economic aid to other nations? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPTION [FORM A] On the whole, do you favor or oppose our giving economic aid to other nations for purposes of economic development and technical assistance? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION [FORM B] In particular, do you think economic aid to the following people or nations should be increased, decreased, kept about the same, or stopped altogether? How about... (READ AND ROTATE a-g)EGYPT 1 INCREASED 2 DECREASED 3 KEPT SAME 4 STOPPED ALTOGETHER 5 NOT SURE RUSSIA 1 INCREASED 2 DECREASED 3 KEPT SAME 4 STOPPED ALTOGETHER 5 NOT SURE ISRAEL 1 INCREASED 2 DECREASED 3 KEPT SAME 4 STOPPED ALTOGETHER 5 NOT SURE LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES 1 INCREASED 2 DECREASED 3 KEPT SAME 4 STOPPED ALTOGETHER 5 NOT SURE PALESTINIANS IN THE WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP 1 INCREASED 2 DECREASED 3 KEPT SAME 4 STOPPED ALTOGETHER 5 NOT SURE AFRICAN COUNTRIES 1 INCREASED 2 DECREASED 3 KEPT SAME 4 STOPPED ALTOGETHER 5 NOT SURE NEWLY INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES IN EASTERN EUROPE 1 INCREASED 2 DECREASED 3 KEPT SAME 4 STOPPED ALTOGETHER 5 NOT SURE On the whole, do you favor or oppose our government selling military equipment to other nations? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION Do you think the United States plays a more important and powerful role as a world leader today compared to 10 years ago, a less important role, or about as important a role as a world leader as it did 10 years ago? 1 MORE IMPORTANT 2 LESS IMPORTANT 3 AS IMPORTANT 4 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION Please tell me whether in your estimation the following countries will play a greater role or a lesser role in the next 10 years than they do today. How about...(READ AND ROTATE a-e) THE UNITED STATES 1 GREATER 2 LESSER 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION RUSSIA 1 GREATER 2 LESSER 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION JAPAN 1 GREATER 2 LESSER 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION GERMANY 1 GREATER 2 LESSER 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION CHINA 1 GREATER 2 LESSER 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION Do you think it will be best for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs or if we stay out of world affairs? 1 ACTIVE PART 2 STAY OUT 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION How do you rate the Clinton administration's handling of the following problems? Would you say the administration's handling of(READ AND ROTATE a-g)has been excellent, good, fair, or poor? OVERALL FOREIGN POLICY 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE OVERALL TRADE POLICY 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE IMMIGRATION POLICY 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE RELATIONS WITH LATIN AMERICA 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE RELATIONS WITH JAPAN 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE THE MIDDLE EAST 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE How would you rate the response of the U.S. government to the following situations? Would you say the response to (READ AND ROTATE a-f)was excellent, good, fair, or poor? THE WAR IN BOSNIA 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE THE POTENTIAL NUCLEAR THREAT FROM NORTH KOREA 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE THE SITUATION IN HAITI 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE THE SITUATION IN CUBA 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE THE SITUATION IN RWANDA 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST 1 EXCELLENT 2 GOOD 3 FAIR 4 POOR 5 NOT SURE Many people believe that the United States has a vital interest in certain areas of the world and not in other areas. That is, certain countries of the world are important to the U.S. for political, economic or security reasons. I am going to read a list of countries. For each, tell me whether you feel the U.S. does or does not have a vital interest in that country. (READ AND ROTATE a-l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any people believe that the United States has a vital interest in certain areas of the world and not in other areas. That is, certain countries of the world are important to the U.S. for political, economic or security reasons. I am going to read a list of countries. For each, tell me whether you feel the U.S. does or does not have a vital interest in that country. (READ AND ROTATE m-x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ext I'd like you to rate these countries on this feeling thermometer. If you feel neutral toward a country, give it a temperature of 50 degrees. If you have a warm feeling toward a country, give it a temperature higher than 50 degrees. If you have a cool feeling toward a country, give it a temperature lower than 50 degrees. First what temperature would you give to...(READ AND ROTATE a-l)ITALY 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR [FORM A] RUSSIA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR NORTH KOREA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR GERMANY 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR IRAN 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR JAPAN 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR MEXICO 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR ISRAEL 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR IRAQ 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR INDIA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR CANADA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR BRAZIL 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR (HAND RESPONDENT CARD B)Next I'd like you to rate these countries on this feeling thermometer. If you feel neutral toward a country, give it a temperature of 50 degrees. If you have a warm feeling toward a country, give it a temperature higher than 50 degrees. If you have a cool feeling toward a country, give it a temperature lower than 50 degrees. First what temperature would you give to...GREAT BRITAIN 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR [FORM B] SAUDI ARABIA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR CHINA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR FRANCE 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR TAIWAN 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR SOUTH KOREA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR POLAND 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR SOUTH AFRICA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR CUBA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR ARGENTINA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR HAITI 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR (RETAIN CARD B)Now I would like you to rate some American and foreign leaders on this thermometer scale. What temperature would you give to:(READ AND ROTATE a-l) (PRONUNCIATIONS SHOWN IN PARENTHESIS) PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR RUSSIAN PRESIDENT BORIS YELTSIN 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN CHRISTOPHER 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR POPE JOHN PAUL II 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR FORMER PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR FORMER PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR GERMAN CHANCELLOR HELMUT KOHL 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR SOUTH AFRICAN PRESIDENT NELSON MANDELA 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR EUROPEAN UNION PRESIDENT JACQUES DELORS (JOCK DUH-LOR) 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR CUBAN PRESIDENT FIDEL CASTRO 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR HAITIAN PRESIDENT JEAN (SHON) BERTRAND ARISTIDE 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE HENRY KISSINGER 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR IRAQI PRESIDENT SADDAM HUSSEIN 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER YITZHAK RABIN (RA-BEAN) 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR PALESTINIAN LEADER YASSIR ARAFAT 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR FRENCH PRESIDENT FRANCOIS (FRAN-SWAH) MITTERAND 0-100 THERMOMETER (RECORD TEMPERATURE) 999 NOT FAMILIAR I am going to read you a list of possible threats to the vital interest of the United States in the next 10 years. For each one, please tell me if you see this as a critical threat, an important but not critical threat, or not an important threat at all. (READ AND ROTATE a-h) THE MILITARY POWER OF RUSSIA 1 CRITICAL 2 IMPORTANT BUT NOT CRITICAL 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE ECONOMIC COMPETITION FROM JAPAN 1 CRITICAL 2 IMPORTANT BUT NOT CRITICAL 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE ECONOMIC COMPETITION FROM EUROPE 1 CRITICAL 2 IMPORTANT BUT NOT CRITICAL 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA AS A WORLD POWER 1 CRITICAL 2 IMPORTANT BUT NOT CRITICAL 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE POSSIBLE EXPANSION OF ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM 1 CRITICAL 2 IMPORTANT BUT NOT CRITICAL 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE THE POSSIBILITY OF UNFRIENDLY COUNTRIES BECOMING NUCLEAR POWERS 1 CRITICAL 2 IMPORTANT BUT NOT CRITICAL 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM 1 CRITICAL 2 IMPORTANT BUT NOT CRITICAL 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE LARGE NUMBERS OF IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES COMING INTO THE U.S. 1 CRITICAL 2 IMPORTANT BUT NOT CRITICAL 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE There has been some discussion about the circumstances that might justify using U.S. troops in other parts of the world. I'd like to ask your opinion about some situations. First, would you favor or oppose the use of U.S. troops...(READ AND ROTATE a-h) IF NORTH KOREA INVADED SOUTH KOREA? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 NOT SURE IF IRAQ INVADED SAUDI ARABIA? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 NOT SURE IF ARAB FORCES INVADED ISRAEL 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 NOT SURE IF RUSSIA INVADED UKRAINE? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 NOT SURE IF RUSSIA INVADED POLAND? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 NOT SURE IF RUSSIA INVADED WESTERN EUROPE? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 NOT SURE IF CIVIL WAR BROKE OUT IN SOUTH AFRICA? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 NOT SURE IF PEOPLE IN CUBA ATTEMPTED TO OVERTHROW THE CASTRO DICTATORSHIP 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 NOT SURE I am going to read a list of possible foreign policy goals that the United States might have. For each one please say whether you think that it should be a very important foreign policy goal of the United States, a somewhat important foreign policy goal, or not an important goal at all. First, how about (READ AND ROTATE a-p)PROTECTING WEAKER NATIONS AGAINST FOREIGN AGGRESSION 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE PROMOTING AND DEFENDING HUMAN RIGHTS IN OTHER COUNTRIES 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE REDUCING OUR TRADE DEFICIT WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE STRENGTHENING THE UNITED NATIONS 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE COMBATING WORLD HUNGER 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE MAINTAINING SUPERIOR MILITARY POWER WORLDWIDE 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE PROTECTING THE JOBS OF AMERICAN WORKERS 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE PROTECTING THE INTERESTS OF AMERICAN BUSINESS ABROAD 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE HELPING TO BRING A DEMOCRATIC FORM OF GOVERNMENT TO OTHER NATIONS 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE SECURING ADEQUATE SUPPLIES OF ENERGY 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE DEFENDING OUR ALLIES' SECURITY 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE CONTROLLING AND REDUCING ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE HELPING TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF LESS DEVELOPED NATIONS 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE IMPROVING THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE STOPPING THE FLOW OF ILLEGAL DRUGS INTO THE UNITED STATES 1 VERY IMPORTANT 2 SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT 3 NOT IMPORTANT 4 NOT SURE Tell me if you agree strongly, agree somewhat, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with the statement: The Vietnam War was more than a mistake; it was fundamentally wrong and immoral. 1 AGREE STRONGLY 2 AGREE SOMEWHAT 3 DISAGREE SOMEWHAT 4 DISAGREE STRONGLY 5 NOT SURE [FORM A] DO YOU THINK THE VIETNAM WAR WAS FUNDAMENTALLY WRONG AND IMMORAL, NOT IMMORAL, BUT A MISTAKE, OR NEITHER IMMORAL NOR A MISTAKE? 1 FUNDAMENTALLY WRONG AND IMMORAL 2 NOT IMMORAL BUT A MISTAKE 3 NEITHER IMMORAL NOR A MISTAKE 4 BOTH (VOLUNTEERED ONLY) 5 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION [FORM B] Do you think that we should expand our spending on national defense, keep it about the same, or cut back? 1 EXPAND 2 KEEP SAME 3 CUT BACK 4 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION In your view, which continent is more important to the U.S.: Asia or Europe? 1 ASIA MORE IMPORTANT 2 EUROPE MORE IMPORTANT 3 BOTH EQUALLY IMPORTANT (VOLUNTEERED ONLY) 4 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION Some people feel that NATO, the military organization of Western Europe and the United States, has outlived its usefulness, and that the United States should withdraw militarily from NATO. Others say that NATO still has a function in preserving peace in Europe. Do you feel we should increase our commitment to NATO, keep our commitment what it is now, decrease our commitment but still remain in NATO, or withdraw from NATO entirely? 1 INCREASE COMMITMENT 2 KEEP COMMITMENT THE SAME 3 DECREASE OUR COMMITMENT 4 WITHDRAW ENTIRELY 5 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION Some people believe that NATO should be expanded to include Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, thereby committing the United States to defend them against attack in the same way as we are committed to defending Western Europe. Do you think NATO should or should not be expanded to include those three countries? 1 SHOULD INCLUDE THOSE COUNTRIES 2 SHOULD NOT INCLUDE THOSE COUNTRIES 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION In general, when the United States is asked to be part of a United Nations international peacekeeping force in a troubled part of the world, do you think we should take part, or should we leave this job to other countries? 1 SHOULD TAKE PART 2 SHOULD NOT TAKE PART 3 DEPENDS ON CIRCUMSTANCES (VOLUNTEERED ONLY) 4 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION In general, if U.S. troops are part of a United Nations international peacekeeping force, should the United States insist that a U.S. commander be in charge of the operation, or should we be willing to accept a commander appointed by the United Nations? 1 INSIST ON U.S. COMMANDER 2 ACCEPT COMMANDER APPOINTED BY U.N. 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION For each of the following countries, please tell me if you think it should be encouraged to play an increased military role in the world, or if it should be discouraged from playing an increased military role in the world. How about... (READ AND ROTATE a-c) JAPAN 1 ENCOURAGED 2 DISCOURAGED 3 NOT SURE GERMANY 1 ENCOURAGED 2 DISCOURAGED 3 NOT SURE CANADA 1 ENCOURAGED 2 DISCOURAGED 3 NOT SURE In 1992, most of the countries of Western Europe became one economic market, with no internal trade restrictions. Do you think the economic unification of Western Europe is mostly a good thing or mostly a bad thing for the United States? 1 MOSTLY A GOOD THING 2 MOSTLY A BAD THING 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION Do you think the United States should or should not establish normal diplomatic relations with the following countries? (READ AND ROTATE a-d) NORTH KOREA 1 SHOULD 2 SHOULD NOT 3 NOT SURE VIETNAM 1 SHOULD 2 SHOULD NOT 3 NOT SURE CUBA 1 SHOULD 2 SHOULD NOT 3 NOT SURE IRAN 1 SHOULD 2 SHOULD NOT 3 NOT SURE In general, do you feel the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, that is the CIA, should or should not work secretly inside other countries to try to weaken or overthrow governments unfriendly to the U.S.? 1 SHOULD WORK IN THESE COUNTRIES 2 SHOULD NOT WORK IN THESE COUNTRIES 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION [FORM A] IN GENERAL, DO YOU FEEL THE CIA SHOULD OR SHOULD NOT WORK SECRETLY INSIDE OTHER COUNTRIES TO TRY TO WEAKEN OR OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENTS UNFRIENDLY TO THE U.S.? 1 SHOULD WORK IN THESE COUNTRIES 2 SHOULD NOT WORK IN THESE COUNTRIES 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION [FORM B] As I read you a list of countries, please tell me if you think the U.S. government should be secretly spying on the government of that country or not. How about... (READ AND ROTATE a-h) NORTH KOREA 1 SHOULD BE SPYING 2 SHOULD NOT BE SPYING 3 NOT SURE MEXICO 1 SHOULD BE SPYING 2 SHOULD NOT BE SPYING 3 NOT SURE GREAT BRITAIN 1 SHOULD BE SPYING 2 SHOULD NOT BE SPYING 3 NOT SURE JAPAN 1 SHOULD BE SPYING 2 SHOULD NOT BE SPYING 3 NOT SURE RUSSIA 1 SHOULD BE SPYING 2 SHOULD NOT BE SPYING 3 NOT SURE ISRAEL 1 SHOULD BE SPYING 2 SHOULD NOT BE SPYING 3 NOT SURE FRANCE 1 SHOULD BE SPYING 2 SHOULD NOT BE SPYING 3 NOT SURE CHINA 1 SHOULD BE SPYING 2 SHOULD NOT BE SPYING 3 NOT SURE Do you favor or oppose the establishment of an independent Palestinian state on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip? 1 FAVOR 2 OPPOSE 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION It has been argued that if all countries would eliminate their tariffs and restrictions on imported goods, the costs of goods would go down for everyone. Others have said that such tariffs and restrictions are necessary to protect certain manufacturing jobs in certain industries from the competition of less expensive imports...Generally, would you say you sympathize more with those who want to eliminate tariffs or those who think such tariffs are necessary? 1 ELIMINATE TARIFFS 2 TARIFFS ARE NECESSARY 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION As you may know, last year the United States and Mexico signed a North American Free Trade Agreement called NAFTA. Do you think this trade agreement with Mexico is mostly good for the U.S. economy, or mostly bad? 1 MOSTLY GOOD 2 MOSTLY BAD 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION In general, do you think that the countries of the European Union (formerly called the European Community) practice fair trade or unfair trade with the United States? 1 FAIR TRADE 2 UNFAIR TRADE 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION In general, do you think that Japan practices fair trade or unfair trade with the United States? 1 FAIR TRADE 2 UNFAIR TRADE 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION How would you describe your political views: as very conservative, fairly conservative, middle of the road, fairly liberal, or very liberal? 1 VERY CONSERVATIVE 2 FAIRLY CONSERVATIVE 3 MIDDLE OF THE ROAD 4 FAIRLY LIBERAL 5 VERY LIBERAL 6 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION HAVE YOU EVER TRAVELED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES? 1 YES 2 NO 3 DON'T RECALL What is your religious preference -- Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, Mormon, or an Orthodox Church such as the Greek or Russian Orthodox Church? 1 PROTESTANT 2 ROMAN CATHOLIC 3 JEWISH 4 ORTHODOX CHURCH 5 OTHER (SPECIFY) 6 MORMON (INCLUDES THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER DAY SAINTS) 7 NONE ARE YOU MARRIED OR SINGLE 1 MARRIED 2 SINGLE 3 DIVORCED 4 SEPARATED 5 WIDOWED 6 DON'T KNOW / NO ANSWER How many persons 18 years and over are living in this household, including yourself? 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 X MORE THAN NINE Y DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION Part 2, the General Population Data, contains some variables which have non-numeric codes. These codes are documented in the codebook with an 'x' and 'y', and appear in the data with codes of '-' instead of 'x' and '&' instead of 'y'. The variables are Question 902, which appears in Card 1, column 33, Question 905, Card 1, columns 38-39, Question 908, Card 1, columns 42-43, Question 913, Card 1, column 57, and Question 914, Card 1, column 59. (INTERVIEWER, SEE INTERVIEWERS BULLETIN FOR HANDLING THIS QUESTION:)We are interested in finding out how often people are at home to watch TV or listen to the radio. Would you mind telling me whether or not you happened to be at home yesterday (last night, last Saturday, last Sunday) at this particular time? 1 YES AT HOME 2 NO, NOT AT HOME 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION How about the day (night, Saturday, Sunday) before that at this time? 1 YES AT HOME 2 NO, NOT AT HOME 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION And how about the day (night, Saturday, Sunday) before that at this time? That was (RECORD DAY) 1 YES, AT HOME 2 NO, NOT AT HOME 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION Are you now employed full-time, part-time or not employed? 1 FULL-TIME 2 PART-TIME 3 NOT EMPLOYED 4 RETIRED (VOL) - SKIP TO 906 5 HOUSEWIFE (VOL) - SKIP TO 906 6 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION (HAND RESPONDENT CARD 900-1) Could you tell me which of the categories on this card most nearly describes the work that you do. Just call of the letter, please.(INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT IS UNEMPLOYED AND NEITHER HOUSEWIFE NOR RETIRED, ASK WHAT TYPE OF WORK HE/SHE WOULD DO IF EMPLOYED) 1 A: Professional worker -- For example, lawyer, doctor, scientist, teacher, engineer, graduate nurse, accountant, programmer, systems analyst, musician, etc. 2 B:Skilled Tradesman -- For example, printer, baker, tailor, electrician, machinist, linesman, railroad engineer, plumber, or does mechanical work such as garage mechanic, carpenter, etc. 3 C: Semi-skilled Worker -- For example, operates a machine in a factory, is an assembly line worker in a factory, drives a truck, taxi cab, or bus, etc. 4 D: Manager, Corporate Executive or Government Official -- in a business, government agency, or other organization 5 E: Business Owner -- such as a store, factory, plumbing contractor, etc. 6 F: Farm Owner of Farm Manager 7 G: Clerical or Office Worker -- in business, government agency, or other type of organization - such as a typist, secretary, postal clerk, telephone operator, computer operator, key punch operator, bank clerk, etc. 8 H: Sales worker -- clerk in a store, door-to-door salesman 9 I: Manufacturer's Representative -- outside salesperson, sales representative 0 J: Service worker -- For example a policeman/woman, fireman, waiter or waitress, maid, nurse's aide, attendant, barber, beautician, etc. X K: Laborer -- plumber's helper, construction laborer, longshoreman, garbage man, or other physical work. (HAND RESPONDENT CARD 900-1) Could you tell me which of the categories on this card most nearly describes the work that you do. Just call of the letter, please.(INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT IS UNEMPLOYED AND NEITHER HOUSEWIFE NOR RETIRED, ASK WHAT TYPE OF WORK HE/SHE WOULD DO IF EMPLOYED) 1 L: Retired 2 M: Full-time Student 3 N: Housewife X OTHER (SPECIFY) Y DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION ARE YOU THE CHIEF WAGE EARNER? 1 YES (GO TO Q910) 2 NO (ASK Q907) 3 UNDESIGNATED (GO TO Q910) (IF "NO" IN Q.906 ASK:)Is the chief wage earner now employed full-time, employed part-time, or not employed? 1 FULL-TIME 2 PART-TIME (ASK Q908) 3 NOT EMPLOYED 4 RETIRED (VOL.) 5 HOUSEWIFE (VOL.) (GO TO Q909) 6 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION (HAND RESPONDENT CARD 900-1)Please tell me which of the categories on this card most nearly describes the kind of work the chief wage earner in your immediate family does. Just call off the letter, please. (INTERVIEWER: IF THE CHIEF WAGE EARNER IS UNEMPLOYED, ASK WHAT KIND OF WORK HE/SHE WOULD DO IF EMPLOYED) 1 A: Professional worker -- For example, lawyer, doctor, scientist, teacher, engineer, graduate nurse, accountant, programmer, systems analyst, musician, etc. 2 B:Skilled Tradesman -- For example, printer, baker, tailor, electrician, machinist, linesman, railroad engineer, plumber, or does mechanical work such as garage mechanic, carpenter, etc. 3 C: Semi-skilled Worker -- For example, operates a machine in a factory, is an assembly line worker in a factory, drives a truck, taxi cab, or bus, etc. 4 D: Manager, Corporate Executive or Government Official -- in a business, government agency, or other organization 5 E: Business Owner -- such as a store, factory, plumbing contractor, etc. 6 F: Farm Owner of Farm Manager 7 G: Clerical or Office Worker -- in business, government agency, or other type of organization - such as a typist, secretary, postal clerk, telephone operator, computer operator, key punch operator, bank clerk, etc. 8 H: Sales worker -- clerk in a store, door-to-door salesman 9 I: Manufacturer's Representative -- outside salesperson, sales representative 0 J: Service worker -- For example a policeman/woman, fireman, waiter or waitress, maid, nurse's aide, attendant, barber, beautician, etc. X K: Laborer -- plumber's helper, construction laborer, longshoreman, garbage man, or other physical work. (HAND RESPONDENT CARD 900-1)Please tell me which of the categories on this card most nearly describes the kind of work the chief wage earner in your immediate family does. Just call off the letter, please. (INTERVIEWER: IF THE CHIEF WAGE EARNER IS UNEMPLOYED, ASK WHAT KIND OF WORK HE/SHE WOULD DO IF EMPLOYED) 1 L: Retired 2 M: Full-time Student 3 N: Housewife X OTHER (SPECIFY) Y DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION What is the last grade or class that you completed in school? (DO NOT READ) 1 NONE, OR GRADE 1-4 2 GRADES 5, 6 OR 7 3 GRADE 8 4 HIGH SCHOOL INCOMPLETE (GRADES 9-11) 5 HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE, GRADE 12 6 TECHNICAL, GRADE OR BUSINESS AFTER HIGH SCHOOL 7 COLLEGE / UNIVERSITY INCOMPLETE 8 COLLEGE / UNIVERSITY GRADUATE 9 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION / NO ANSWER WHAT IS YOUR AGE? ANY AGE IN EXCESS OF 99 IS CODED "99" Are you, yourself, of Hispanic origin or descent, such as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban or other Spanish background? 1 YES 2 NO 3 DON'T KNOW / NO OPINION (DO NOT ASK BUT CHECK APPROPRIATE BOX:) 1 WHITE MAN 2 WHITE WOMAN 3 BLACK MAN 4 BLACK WOMAN 5 OTHER MAN (SPECIFY) 6 OTHER WOMAN (SPECIFY) (SHOW RESPONDENT CARD 900-2 AND ASK:)Would you please tell me the letter of the group which best represents the total annual income, before taxes, of all the members of your immediate family living in your household? Q913-GP-B IDENTIFIES IF THE ANSWER TO Q913-GP-A WAS GIVEN BY RESPONDENT OR WAS THE INTERVIEWER'S ESTIMATE 1 A: Under 2,000 a year (or under $38 a week) 2 B: $2,000 to $2,999 a year (or $38 to $57.50 a week) 3 C: $3,000 to $3,999 a year (or $58 to $76.50 a week) 4 D: $4,000 to $4,999 a year (or $78 to $95.50 a week) 5 E: $5,000 to $5,999 a year (or $96 to $114.50 a week) 6 F: $6,000 to $6,999 a year (or $115 to $134.50 a week) 7 G: $7,000 to $9,999 a year (or $135 to $192.50 a week) 8 H: $10,000 to $11,999 a year (or $193 to $229.50 a week) 9 I: $12,000 to $14,999 a year (or $230 to $288.50 a week) 0 J: $15,000 to $19,999 a year (or $289 to $383.50 a week) X K: $20,000 or more a year (or $384 or more a week) (ASK #914) Y NOT STATED Q913-GP-ATHIS ANSWER IS 1 RESPONDENT'S ANSWER 2 INTERVIEWER'S ESTIMATE (ASK PERSONS WHOSE INCOME IS IN GROUP K: 20,000 OR MORE:) (HAND RESPONDENT CARD 900-3)Now we are asking those whose income is in Group K the letter of the group listed on this card that best represents the total annual income before taxes, of all members of your immediate family living in your household? 1 A: $20,000 to $24,999 a year 2 B: $25,000 to $29,999 a year 3 C: $30,000 to $34,999 a year 4 D: $35,000 to $39,999 a year 5 E: $40,000 to $49,999 a year 6 F: $50,000 to $99,999 a year 7 G: $100,000 or more a year X NOT STATED (READ:) So that my office can check my work in this interview, if necessary, may I have your name, address, and telephone number please? NAME ADDRESS CITY AND STATE ZIP CODE TELEPHONE AREA CODE EXCHANGE NUMBER Technical Appendix (Survey introduction and methodology) SAMPLE COMPOSITION: GENERAL PUBLIC SEX WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE MALE 48 FEMALE 52 100 RACE WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE WHITE 86 NON-WHITE 14 100 AGE WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE 18-29 21 30-49 43 50-64 18 65 AND OLDER 19 UNDESIGNATED 9 100 REGION WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE EAST 25 MIDWEST 24 SOUT 20 WEST 20 100 OCCUPATION OF CHIEF WAGE EARNER WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS 31 CLERICAL AND SALES 9 MANUAL AND FARM 36 NOT EMPLOYED 2 UNDESIGNATED 19 100 EDUCATION WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE LESS THAN HIGH SCHOOL 14 HIGH SCHOOL 31 SOME COLLEGE 19 COLLEGE 20 UNDESIGNATED 16 100 ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE UNDER $15,000 19 $15,000 - 24,999 19 25,000 - 34,999 17 35,000 - 49,000 17 50,000 AND OVER 19 UNDESIGNATED 9 100 CITY SIZE WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE CENTRAL CITY 32 SUBURB 30 NON-SMSA 38 100 RELIGION WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE PROTESTANT 50 CATHOLIC 26 JEWISH 1 OTHER/NONE/UNDESIGNATED 23 100 IDEOLOGY WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE CONSERVATIVE 38 MIDDLE OF THE ROAD 36 LIBERAL 21 UNDESIGNATED 5 100 TRAVELED OUTSIDE OF us WEIGHTED PERCENTAGE YES 64 NO 36 UNDESIGNATED * 100 SAMPLE COMPOSITION - OPINION LEADERS 1982 % of total sample 1986 % of total sample 1990 % of total sample 1994 % of total sample ADMINISTRATION 20 6% 22 6.5% 24 6% 25 6% HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 20 6% 22 6.5% 28 8% 30 8% SENATE 15 5% 21 6.0% 22 6% 22 6% TOTAL GOVERNMENT 55 17% 65 19% 74 20% 77 20% LABOR LEADERS 30 9% 29 9% 32 9% 32 8% MEDIA 50 16% 44 13% 57 15% 58 15% BUSINESS LEADERS 55 17% 62 18% 63 17% 63 17% EDUCATORS 50 16% 54 16% 62 16% 64 17% RELIGIOUS LEADERS 43 14% 41 12% 47 12% 47 12% SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS 20 6% 21 6% 22 6% 22 6% PRIVATE FOREIGN POLICY GROUPS 16 5% 22 7% 20 5% 20 5% TOTAL 319 100% 338 100% 377 100% 383 100% DESIGN OF THE SAMPLE - GENERAL POPULATION: The sampling procedure for this survey was designed to produce an approximation of the adult civilian population, eighteen years and older, living in the United States, except those persons in institutions such as prisons or hospitals. The design of the sample is that of a replicated, probability sample down to the block level in the case of urban areas, and to segments of townships in the case of rural areas. Approximately one hundred and eighty sampling locations were used for this survey. The sample design includes stratification by these seven size-of- community strata, using 1980 Census data: (a) incorporated cities of population 1,000,000 and over; (b) incorporated cities of population 250,000 to 999,999; (c) incorporated cities of population 50,000 to 249,999; (d) urbanized places not included in (a)-(c); (e) cities over 2,500 population outside of urbanized areas; (f) towns and villages with less than 2,500 population; and (g) rural places not included within town boundaries. Each of these strata are further stratified into four geographic regions: East, Midwest, South and West. Within each city size-regional stratum, the population is arrayed in geographic order and zoned into equal sized groups of sampling units. Pairs of localities are selected in each zone, with probability of selection and each locality proportional to its population size in the 1990 census, producing two replicated samples of localities. Separately for each survey, within each subdivision so selected for which block statistics are available, a sample of blocks or block clusters is drawn with probability of selection proportional to the number of dwelling units. In all other subdivisions or areas, blocks or segments are drawn at random or with equal probability. In each cluster of blocks and each segment so selected, a randomly selected starting point is designated on the interviewer's map of the area. Starting at this point, interviewers are required to follow a given direction in the selection of households until their assignment is completed. Interviewing was conducted at times when women, in general, are most likely to be at home, which means on weekends, or if on weekdays, after 4:00 P.M.. Allowance for persons not at home is made by a "times-at-home" weighting procedure [see Politz, A. and Simmons, W., "An Attempt to Get the "Not at Homes" into the Sample without Callbacks", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, Volume 44, (March, 1949), pp. 9-31.except for those persons in institutions such as prisons or hospitals] rather than by "call-backs". This procedure is a standard method for reducing the sample bias that would otherwise result from under-representation in the sample of persons who are difficult to find at home. The final sample of completed interviews was weighted to bring the demographic characteristics of the sample (i.e., age, race, education, and region) into alignment with the most recently available estimates of the demographic characteristics of the population of adults. Demographic estimates of this population were taken from the Bureau of the Census Current Population Survey (March, 1988). The sampling and weighting procedures described are designed to allow projection of results to the population of civilian adults eighteen years and older, living in the United States. DESIGN OF THE SAMPLE: OPINION LEADERS. The opinion leader sample of the Chicago Council's study on foreign relations was designed to replicate opinion leader samples used in previous years. Wherever possible, the directories used for names, and the number of names used for each type of opinion leader modeled the 1990 sample design. The outline below describes each elite sub-sample. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; 30 INTERVIEWS with Representatives. All Representatives names were used from a comprehensive Gallup-in-house list. (If the House member was not available the interview was conducted with the legislative assistant responsible for foreign affairs). SENATE: 22 INTERVIEWS with Senators. All Representatives names were used from a comprehensive Gallup-in-house list.(If the Senator was not available the interview was selected with the legislative assistant responsible for foreign affairs). ADMINISTRATION: 25 INTERVIEWS with assistant secretaries. The following directory was used to select names: 1993 Federal Staff Directory published by Staff Directories, Ltd. Personnel were selected from international offices at the following: The White House Office Office of Management and Budget National Security Office Office of the United States Trade Representative Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense Department of Energy Department of Justice Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Agency for International Development Nuclear Regulatory Commission U.S. International Trade Commission Veterans Administration BUSINESS: 63 INTERVIEWS were completed with vice presidents in charge of international affairs. The top industrial corporations in the Fortune 500 list were included in the sample frame, and respondents' names were found in the following publication: Corporate Yellow Book, published by Monitor Publishing Company, summer 1993. MEDIA: 58 INTERVIEWS with television and radio news directors, network newscasters, newspaper editors and columnists, news magazine editors and columnists. The following publications were used: 1. News Media Yellow Book of Washington and New York, published by Monitor Publishing Company, summer 1993. 2. Editor and publisher International Yearbook 1993, published by Editor and Publisher Company. LABOR LEADERS: 32 INTERVIEWS were conducted with presidents of the largest labor unions. The following directory was used to obtain the sample: "Labor Unions, Association, and Federation," Volume 1, part 2, section 15, Encyclopedia of Associations; published by Gale Research Inc., 1990. EDUCATORS: 64 INTERVIEWS were conducted with presidents and faculty who teach in the area of foreign affairs from a list of universities used in previous Chicago Council on Foreign Affairs studies. RELIGIOUS LEADERS: 47 INTERVIEWS were conducted with religious leaders representing all faiths, proportionate to the number of Americans who worship each faith. The following directory was used to obtain names: Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches, published by Abingdon Press Nashville, 1993. SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS: 22 INTERVIEWS were conducted with a purposively drawn sample of presidents from large special interest groups relevant to foreign policy. The following directory was used to obtain names: National Trade and Professional Associations, published by Columbia Book Inc. 1994. PRIVATE FOREIGN POLICY ORGANIZATIONS: 20 INTERVIEWS were conducted with presidents from major private foreign policy organizations. The following directories were used to obtain names: The Capital Source "The Who's Who, What, Where in Washington: Think Tanks", published by the National Journal Inc., Spring 1994. SAMPLING TOLERANCES: In interpreting survey results, it should be borne in mind that all sample surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the extent to which the results may differ from what would be obtained if the whole population had been interviewed. The size of such sampling errors depends largely on the number of interviews. The following tables may be used in estimating the sampling error of any percentage in this report. The computed allowances have taken into account the effect of the sample design upon sampling error. They may be interpreted as indicating the range (plus or minus the figure shown) within which the results of repeated samplings in the same time period could be expected to vary, 95 percent of the time, assuming the same sampling procedures, the same interviewers, and the same questionnaire. The first table shows how much allowance should be made for the sampling error of a percentage: Recommended Allowance for Sampling Error of a Percentage, in Percentage Points (at 95 in 100 confidence level, i.e. the chances are 95 in 100 that the sampling error is not larger than the figures shown. ) GENERAL PUBLIC Sample size 1662 Sample size 1300 Sample size 1000 Sample size 700 Sample size 400 Sample size 100 Percentages near 10 2 2 2 3 4 8 Percentages near 20 3 3 3 4 5 10 Percentages near 30 3 3 4 4 6 12 Percentages near 40 3 3 4 5 6 12 Percentages near 50 3 4 4 5 6 13 Percentages near 60 3 3 4 5 6 12 Percentages near 70 3 3 4 4 6 12 Percentages near 80 2 3 3 4 5 10 Percentages near 90 2 2 2 3 4 8 The table would be used in the following manner: Let us say a reported percentage is 33 in our sample which includes 1662 respondents. Then we go to row "percentages near 30" in the table and go across to the column headed "1000". The number at this point is 3, which means that the 33 percent obtained in the sample is subject to a sampling error of plus or minus 3 points. Another way of saying it is that very probably (95 chances of 100) the true figure would be somewhere between 30 and 36, with the most likely figure the 33 obtained. Sampling error is less applicable in the opinion leader study, since this study is more or less a census of the nation's opinion leaders. Sampling error tables are provided below, for the opinion leader study, based on the assumption that the study were a pure random sample of a "population" of opinion leaders. Based on this assumption, the sampling error is higher for the opinion leader sample which includes a smaller number of respondents than the general population study. As shown in the table below, if a reported percentage is 33 percent for 380 respondents, the percentage would be interpreted with a sampling error of plus or minus 5 points. Recommended Allowance for Sampling Error of a Percentage, in Percentage Points (at 95 in 100 confidence level, i.e. the chances are 95 in 100 that the sampling error is not larger than the figures shown. ) OPINION LEADERS Sample size 380 Sample size 300 Sample size 200 Sample size 100 Sample size 50 Sample size 25 Percentages near 10 3 3 4 6 8 12 Percentages near 20 4 5 6 8 11 16 Percentages near 30 5 5 6 9 13 18 Percentages near 40 5 6 7 10 14 19 Percentages near 50 5 6 7 10 14 20 Percentages near 60 5 6 7 10 14 19 Percentages near 70 5 5 6 9 13 18 Percentages near 80 4 5 6 8 11 16 Percentages near 90 3 3 4 6 8 12 In comparing survey results in two samples, such as, for example, men and women, the question arises as to how large a difference between them must be before one can be reasonably sure that it reflects a real difference. In the tables below, the number of points which must be allowed for in such comparisons is indicated. Two tables are provided. One is for percentages near 20 or 80; the other for percentages near 50. For percentages in between, the error to be allowed for is between those shown in the two tables. TABLE A: GENERAL PUBLIC: Percentages near 20 and 80 - Recommended Allowance for Sampling Error of the Difference In Percentage Points (at 95 in 100 confidence level) Size of sample 1660 1300 1000 700 400 100 1660 4 1300 4 4 1000 4 4 5 700 5 5 5 5 400 6 6 6 6 7 100 10 11 11 11 11 14 TABLE B: GENERAL PUBLIC: Percentages near 50 and 50 Size of sample 1660 1300 1000 700 400 100 1660 4 1300 5 5 1000 5 5 6 700 6 6 6 7 400 17 7 8 8 9 100 13 13 13 14 14 18 Here is an example of how the tables would be used: Let us say that 50 percent of men responded a certain way and 40 percent of women respond that way also, for a difference of 10 percentage points between them. Can we say with any assurance that the 10-point difference reflects a real difference between men and women on the question? The general population sample contains approximately 700 men and 500 women. Since the percentages are near 50, we consult Table B, and since the two samples are about 700 persons each, we look for the number 7 here. This means that the allowance for error should be 7 points, and that in concluding that the percentage among men is somewhere between 3 and 17 points higher than the percentage among women we should be wrong only about 5 percent of the time. In other words, we can conclude with considerable confidence that a difference exists in the direction observed and that it amounts to at least 3 percentage points. If, in another case, men's responses amount to 22 percent, say, and women's 24 percent, we consult Table A because these percentages are near 20. We look for the number in the column headed 700 and see that it is 5. Obviously, then, the two-point difference is inconclusive.